Here's what it took to create one of the world's first 3D-printed homes


Panna Munyal
  • English
  • Arabic

On July 6, the Ramdanis became the first family in the world to move into a house that was constructed using a 3D printer, in the city of Nantes in France. Equipped with a living area of 1,775 square feet, the walls of the structure took less than two days to “build”, while installing the roof, doors and windows took another four months.

The four-bedroom home is able to comfortably accommodate Nordine and Nouria Ramdani, and their three children, all of whom previously lived in a block of congested council flats built in the 1960s. The couple say they are thrilled to be finally living in their own detached home with a garden.

The project is the brainchild of professor Benoit Furet from the University of Nantes, who worked in collaboration with the city council and a housing association. “We produced 62 tonnes of concrete to build the basic framework,” Furet tells us. “The isolated walls took only 33 hours to create, while the cost for the same was 20 per cent less compared to standard buildings.”

Understanding the process 

To understand how the process plays out, imagine an old-school inkjet in which the printhead swishes from side to side to render ink on paper, layer by flat layer. That basic principle – of ejecting a fluid material, to follow a predetermined trajectory, which builds up one on top of the other – remains the same.

The difference is that the ­mineral- infused fluids contained within a 3D printer are able to solidify into concrete almost instantly. “Three-­dimensional printing is an additive manufacturing technology,” says architect Mirko Daneluzzo, professor of Cross Disciplinary Design at Didi. “The trajectory in this layer-by-layer process is defined by subdividing the object into slices, so it becomes possible to define the outline of the shape being printed.”

The machine then converts the digital model fed into it and turns it into a tangible three-­dimensional object. Obviously, the digital file needs to be carefully calibrated and uploaded with highly accurate dimensions. “Our biggest challenge was to combine and synchronise the polyarticulated robot with the automated guided one, which we did by ­designing highly specific algorithms,” says Benoit. His team is currently experimenting with using natural materials such as earth and clay in future projects.

"There are two construction strategies for building housing using a 3D printer. These include pre-fabricating building components in a factory and delivering the parts to the construction site. The second option is to build directly on-site with a ­machine that is able to cover the entire ­building area," adds Daneluzzo. It ­follows that in the latter case – which is how the Nantes house was built – the printer needs ample free and clean space to construct, set down and cure the various layers, using robotic arms, nozzles, pumping systems and lasers.

The advantages

Apis Cor is another company that specialises in on-the-spot mobile ­construction. “In theory, the printer is able to build a whole building ­directly on site by printing its walls and partitions. The machine has a small footprint, so it’s easily ­transportable using a regular truck and does not require a long ­preparation procedure prior to the commencement of construction,” says Sergey Nefedov, head of the technology at Apis Cor.

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"This technology can open up a lot of opportunities, such as reducing the time of construction, implementation of almost limitless designs and shapes, potential to use eco-friendly materials, and [achieving] machinery precision," explains Nefedov, adding: "Of course, there is a still a lot of R&D work required before we can implement all these advantages."

From a resident’s point of view, one of the biggest advantages of living in a 3D-printed house is that these structures display excellent thermal behaviour and higher vapour ­permeability, so that the temperature-­humidity conditions are more pleasant inside.

“3D-­printed houses work well when you need special insulation from the outside climate. You can design the walls with specific thermal behaviour, such as special tunnels to activate natural ventilation in an efficient way in hot countries,” says Daneluzzo. “Another benefit is that you do not need formwork to build a wall as you do in traditional construction, which saves time and money.”

The disadvantages

A downside of a structure built using this technology is that it is then, literally, set in stone. “While the design of a 3D-printed house can be pre-customised to meet the needs of its inhabitants, the disadvantage is that is difficult to change the layout after it has been printed, so the house may not be flexible enough over the years to meet the changing requirements of its occupants,” explains UAE-based Hong Kong architect James Law, chief executive of James Law Cybertecture.

"Also, currently such houses are quite rough and lack panache, as the printing process is not yet a very refined technology. It is difficult to create smooth and perfect surfaces with 3D-printed concrete, for example. However, once the technology improves, it will be very possible to print intricate designs at a high quality and even realise more complex luxurious projects," adds Law, who says the technology would "work well in the UAE, especially for low-cost housing or temporary buildings that are needed for transient labour forces and project sites".

So can these homes affect or alter the conventional construction sector? Most of the experts we spoke to believe so. “3D-printed houses will disrupt some of the existing facets of the construction industry. First of all, buildings may potentially need less construction workers on-site, for many of them will be replaced by robotic printers. Secondly, much of the component-based construction industry will be reduced as buildings will be printed in situ, without the need for as many components to come together,” predicts Law.

However, as Nefedov notes: "­Construction is one of the most conservative industries, and it takes big efforts to make a revolution. The input of one or even several companies is not enough; 3D-printing technology needs to be supported by universities and governments to then create a regulation base and new construction rules."

PREMIER LEAGUE FIXTURES

All times UAE ( 4 GMT)

Saturday
West Ham United v Tottenham Hotspur (3.30pm)
Burnley v Huddersfield Town (7pm)
Everton v Bournemouth (7pm)
Manchester City v Crystal Palace (7pm)
Southampton v Manchester United (7pm)
Stoke City v Chelsea (7pm)
Swansea City v Watford (7pm)
Leicester City v Liverpool (8.30pm)

Sunday
Brighton and Hove Albion v Newcastle United (7pm)

Monday
Arsenal v West Bromwich Albion (11pm)

UK's plans to cut net migration

Under the UK government’s proposals, migrants will have to spend 10 years in the UK before being able to apply for citizenship.

Skilled worker visas will require a university degree, and there will be tighter restrictions on recruitment for jobs with skills shortages.

But what are described as "high-contributing" individuals such as doctors and nurses could be fast-tracked through the system.

Language requirements will be increased for all immigration routes to ensure a higher level of English.

Rules will also be laid out for adult dependants, meaning they will have to demonstrate a basic understanding of the language.

The plans also call for stricter tests for colleges and universities offering places to foreign students and a reduction in the time graduates can remain in the UK after their studies from two years to 18 months.

Indoor Cricket World Cup Dubai 2017

Venue Insportz, Dubai; Admission Free

Day 1 fixtures (Saturday)

Men 1.45pm, Malaysia v Australia (Court 1); Singapore v India (Court 2); UAE v New Zealand (Court 3); South Africa v Sri Lanka (Court 4)

Women Noon, New Zealand v South Africa (Court 3); England v UAE (Court 4); 5.15pm, Australia v UAE (Court 3); England v New Zealand (Court 4)

'THE WORST THING YOU CAN EAT'

Trans fat is typically found in fried and baked goods, but you may be consuming more than you think.

Powdered coffee creamer, microwave popcorn and virtually anything processed with a crust is likely to contain it, as this guide from Mayo Clinic outlines: 

Baked goods - Most cakes, cookies, pie crusts and crackers contain shortening, which is usually made from partially hydrogenated vegetable oil. Ready-made frosting is another source of trans fat.

Snacks - Potato, corn and tortilla chips often contain trans fat. And while popcorn can be a healthy snack, many types of packaged or microwave popcorn use trans fat to help cook or flavour the popcorn.

Fried food - Foods that require deep frying — french fries, doughnuts and fried chicken — can contain trans fat from the oil used in the cooking process.

Refrigerator dough - Products such as canned biscuits and cinnamon rolls often contain trans fat, as do frozen pizza crusts.

Creamer and margarine - Nondairy coffee creamer and stick margarines also may contain partially hydrogenated vegetable oils.

The burning issue

The internal combustion engine is facing a watershed moment – major manufacturer Volvo is to stop producing petroleum-powered vehicles by 2021 and countries in Europe, including the UK, have vowed to ban their sale before 2040. The National takes a look at the story of one of the most successful technologies of the last 100 years and how it has impacted life in the UAE.

Read part three: the age of the electric vehicle begins

Read part two: how climate change drove the race for an alternative 

Read part one: how cars came to the UAE

War and the virus
Key facilities
  • Olympic-size swimming pool with a split bulkhead for multi-use configurations, including water polo and 50m/25m training lanes
  • Premier League-standard football pitch
  • 400m Olympic running track
  • NBA-spec basketball court with auditorium
  • 600-seat auditorium
  • Spaces for historical and cultural exploration
  • An elevated football field that doubles as a helipad
  • Specialist robotics and science laboratories
  • AR and VR-enabled learning centres
  • Disruption Lab and Research Centre for developing entrepreneurial skills
UAE players with central contracts

Rohan Mustafa, Ashfaq Ahmed, Chirag Suri, Rameez Shahzad, Shaiman Anwar, Adnan Mufti, Mohammed Usman, Ghulam Shabbir, Ahmed Raza, Qadeer Ahmed, Amir Hayat, Mohammed Naveed and Imran Haider.

Need to know

The flights: Flydubai flies from Dubai to Kilimanjaro airport via Dar es Salaam from Dh1,619 return including taxes. The trip takes 8 hours. 

The trek: Make sure that whatever tour company you select to climb Kilimanjaro, that it is a reputable one. The way to climb successfully would be with experienced guides and porters, from a company committed to quality, safety and an ethical approach to the mountain and its staff. Sonia Nazareth booked a VIP package through Safari Africa. The tour works out to $4,775 (Dh17,538) per person, based on a 4-person booking scheme, for 9 nights on the mountain (including one night before and after the trek at Arusha). The price includes all meals, a head guide, an assistant guide for every 2 trekkers, porters to carry the luggage, a cook and kitchen staff, a dining and mess tent, a sleeping tent set up for 2 persons, a chemical toilet and park entrance fees. The tiny ration of heated water provided for our bath in our makeshift private bathroom stall was the greatest luxury. A standard package, also based on a 4-person booking, works out to $3,050 (Dh11,202) per person.

When to go: You can climb Kili at any time of year, but the best months to ascend  are  January-February and September-October.  Also good are July and August, if you’re tolerant of the colder weather that winter brings.

Do not underestimate the importance of kit. Even if you’re travelling at a relatively pleasant time, be geared up for the cold and the rain.