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Former British diplomats who served in the Middle East have called on the UK's prospective government to recognise a Palestinian state and ensure that commitment to international law is upheld “without fear or favour”.
The general election on July 4 could see the Labour Party come to power for the first time in more than 14 years, and the party's leadership has been forging its policy on the Israel-Palestine conflict.
Labour Party leader Keir Starmer has said he would recognise a Palestinian state “as part of a peace process”, which will be included in the party’s manifesto next week. It would also commit to ensuring such a move is not vetoed by a neighbouring country.
During a visit in London on Friday, Mr Starmer said: “That needs to be part of the process, it’s very important we have a viable Palestinian state alongside a safe and secure Israel.”
He added: “It is an inalienable right of the Palestinians, it’s not in the gift of Israel, so it has to be part of the peace process.”
Asked whether this will be in the party's manifesto, he said: “It will be.”
Palestine in Labour manifesto
Last month, Mr Starmer, who is in pole position to become the next prime minister, said that he wanted to recognise a Palestinian state if he won power, but that this would need to come at the right time.
This followed strong opposition to Mr Starmer's initial support for Israel's war, in which he said the country had the right to withhold water and power from Gaza, and the party's refusal to call for an arms embargo.
Labour faced setbacks in recent local elections in some previously safe areas, particularly those with large Muslim populations, where candidates may have suffered as a result of Sir Keir’s stance on the Gaza war.
Accusations of a “purge” of Labour's left-wing candidates have also given momentum to the growing movement of independents who are challenging the party over Gaza.
Recognition without peace
The next government would need to recognise the State of Palestine regardless of whether a peace process was in place, said Sir Vincent Fean, former consul general to Jerusalem and trustee of the Balfour Project, a British charity focused on the UK's role in the Palestinian issue.
“We need to move on from the idea of linking it to bilateral negotiations, because under [Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin] Netanyahu, they are not forthcoming,” he told The National.
The recognition could be part of a UN Security Council Resolution drafted by the UK which would bypass Israel, or be done in co-operation with western partners. “If you have to link it to anything, link it to partners like Australia, France – going together if need be but not essential – because it would increase the impact,” he said.
He also recommended a ban on trade with settlements and a commitment to upholding international law. The Balfour Project takes its name from the 1917 letter by Lord Balfour, the foreign secretary who declared the UK would support a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
Withdraw from Gaza
An action plan for the UK to ensure the establishment of a Palestinian state has been drawn up by the Balfour Project. It recommends that the UK insists on a complete Israeli withdrawal from Gaza, and supports the foundation of a Palestinian interim government that unites all the territories.
In the long term, the UK should also support Palestinian civil society and political groups in the run-up to elections, ensuring they build a “broad coalition” which also recognises Israel along pre-1967 borders. The UK should also be part of an international coalition that guarantees the security of both Israel and Palestine during a transitional phase.
A prospective government should make a “serious effort” to build an international coalition that would work towards a peace process, said Richard Makepeace, a diplomat of 35 years and former consul general in Jerusalem, who was not involved in the drafting of the action plan.
“[It] would drive forward pressure for the only possible solution, which is one that meets both Palestinian and Israeli objectives, and allows both peoples to live in peace,” he told The National.
The coalition would also involve regional Arab states, who he said were “more engaged” now than in earlier processes. “I think it's really a time for trying to make sure that there is the biggest possible consensus that really this cannot be allowed to happen again,” Mr Makepeace said.
A new UK government would do well to grasp the importance of the Palestinian issue among the public. “Both the Labour Party and the Conservative Party have failed to show the concern which the public expect about what's going on in Gaza,” he said.
An unresolved Palestinian issue was more than just a historical problem for the UK, he added. The current conflict had shown impacts on regional stability with the risk of a wider war.
Litmus test
The war had also become a “litmus test” for millions of people around the world, putting the West’s “credibility and influence” at stake. “It must be obvious to American leaders and European leaders that when we went to seek the support of the world over Ukraine, we got a very doubtful response,” Mr Makepeace said.
“Part of that is because of our attitude towards Palestine and a feeling that the rules-based order only seems to protect those who matter to you [America and Europe],” he said.
Regional contacts
Shadow foreign secretary David Lammy has been shaping Labour’s response to the war in Gaza through continued trips across the Middle East, and stepping up his criticism of Israel’s conduct.
“I welcome the fact that he's been reaching out into other European countries, but also to the US, and I understand the constraints that will be on him, particularly if Trump is elected as president,” said Phyllis Starkey, a former Labour MP and vice chair of the Balfour Project’s board of trustees.
But more could be done by Labour to highlight Britain’s interests in the Palestinian issue. “We have a historic debt to Palestine through the Balfour Declaration,” she said.
Support for ICC
Mr Lammy has supported the International Criminal Court seeking warrants for Mr Netanyahu and Israeli Defence Minister Yoav Gallant – in direct opposition to the government's stance.
Ms Starkey was “reassured” by Mr Lammy's commitment to respecting the decisions of the ICC and the International Court of Justice. “Not only because it is the right thing to do. It is in the interest of the British people to make sure that the rule of law is maintained, without fear or favour, because it protects us as well,” she said.
Christopher Segar, a former diplomat of over 30 years with postings mainly in the Arab world, urged a prospective Labour government to consult experts who are “outside of government and outside the Labour Party” to get a broad range of perspectives.
“London has a huge resource at Chatham House, at LSE, at SOAS, of people who have devoted their lives to the Middle East, the Arab world and North Africa, and that is a great resource,” he told The National. “People overlook how useful that can be.”
Western and Arab relations had changed with other issues, such as security threats from Iran and the energy transition, coming to the fore over the Palestinian issue.
“In the past, we were worried that the Arab states were so passionate about Palestine that we had to take that into account in our dealings with them. This is one of the things that underlay the euro, our dialogue and all that in the 1970s and 1980s,” he said.
In light of this, the UK could work with European states on the formation of a “European position” which would make the Palestinian issue “a matter of international principle”.
“After Brexit, we don't formally have European partners. But there's no harm in trying to align our position on the Middle East along with the European Union and make a bloc advocating a particular set of recommendations,” Mr Segar said.
UK general election campaigning – in pictures
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Conservative leader Rishi Sunak speaks at party campaign event at the National Army Museum in London on Wednesday, July 3. AP Photo -
Labour Party leader Keir Starmer addresses supporters during a visit to the West Regwm Farm events venue in Whitland, Carmarthenshire, Wales, on the final day of election campaigning. PA -
Liberal Democrats leader Ed Davey drives a tractor during a visit to Owl Lodge in Lacock, Wiltshire. PA -
Satirical political character Count Binface in London before challenging Conservative leader RishiSunak for the parliamentary seat of Richmond and Northallerton. Reuters -
Boris Johnson, former UK prime minister, campaigns for the Conservatives in London. Bloomberg -
Nigel Farage, leader of the far-right Reform UK Party, with heavyweight boxer Derek Chisora during a campaign visit to Clacton-on-Sea in eastern England. Reuters -
Mr Sunak holds a speech during his visit to Well Healthcare Supplies as he campaigns in Stoke. Getty Images -
Mr Starmer laughs as he speaks to supporters near Milton Keynes. AP -
Mr Davey bungee jumps during a visit to Eastbourne Borough Football Club in East Sussex. AP -
Mr Sunak bowls during his visit to Nuneaton Cricket Club. AFP -
Mr Starmer addresses an audience of Labour Party members and supporters during a rally at the Royal Horticultural Halls in central London. AP -
Mr Davey rides a towable inflatable during a visit to Lakeside Ski & Wake, in the Cotswolds. Reuters -
Mr Sunak and his wife Akshata Murty visit the BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir in London. AFP -
Mr Starmer during a visit to the Shree Swaminarayan Mandir Hindu temple in Kingsbury, London. PA -
Mr Davey participates in a Zumba class with supporters in Wokingham. Reuters -
Mr Starmer speaking during a visit to Northampton Town Football Club at Sixfields Stadium. PA -
Mr Sunak delivers a speech in central London. AFP -
Mr Davey jet-washes an ambulance in London. Getty Images -
Mr Starmer rests his hand on the shoulder of Idris Elba as they meet families of knife crime victims, in west London. PA -
Mr Sunak turns on the power in the training centre control room during a tour of the Sizewell B nuclear power plant. AFP -
Mr Davey plays a game of Frisbee on a visit to a farm in Hampshire. AP -
Mr Starmer and shadow chancellor Rachel Reeves visit a supermarket in Swindon. PA -
Mr Sunak speaks to journalists on the campaign bus following the launch of the Welsh Conservatives General Election manifesto near Rhyl. Reuters -
Mr Davey taking part in wheelbarrow racing at Huish Park, home of Yeovil Town football club in Somerset. PA -
Mr Farage speaks to the press in Clacton-on-Sea. Bloomberg -
Mr Starmer speaks at the launch of the Labour party's 2024 general election manifesto in Manchester. AP -
Mr Sunak answers questions from the audience in Grimsby. Getty Images -
Mr Davey toasts a marshmallow as he visits Willow Forest School in Surrey. EPA -
Mr Farage attends the launch of the Reform UK manifesto in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales. Reuters -
Scottish Labour leader Anas Sarwar launches Scottish Labour’s battle bus campaign on June 17 in South Queensferry, Scotland. Getty Images -
Britain's Labour Party politician and Shadow Secretary of State for Health and Social Care Wes Streeting speaks to a television crew outside the BBC in London. AFP -
Leader of the Liberal Democrats, Sir Ed Davey, on the BBC 1 current affairs programme, Sunday, with Laura Kuenssberg. BBC -
Mr Sunak meets pupils in a maths class during a visit to the John Whitgift Academy, in Grimsby. AP -
Mr Starmer during a visit to Grimsby Institute, a technical training college in Grimsby. PA -
Mr Davey during a general election campaign visit to the Aqua Jungle Spot in Stratford-upon-Avon. Bloomberg -
Mr Sunak and Akshata Murty take centre stage at the Conservative Party's general election manifesto launch in Towcester. Getty Images -
Mr Starmer passes a toothbrush to a child during his visits to the Whale Hill Primary School in Middlesbrough. AP -
Mr Davey meets Steve Darling, Liberal Democrat candidate for Torbay and his guide dog Jennie at Torquay Harbour. Getty Images -
Reform UK leader Nigel Farage reacts after something is thrown towards him on the campaign bus in Cawthorne, Barnsley. AP -
Mr Sunak attends a neighbourhood watch meeting in Horsham, West Sussex. PA -
Mr Starmer helps volunteers pot plants during a visit to Harlesden Town Garden in north-west London. PA -
Mr Davey on the 'Rush' ride during a Liberal Democrats general election campaign event at Thorpe Park. Reuters -
Mr Sunak, during a visit to Imagination Childcare, in Swindon, Wiltshire, while on the election campaign trail. PA -
Mr Starmer visits Brent Cross town's visitor pavilion for a housing launch in London. Getty Images -
Mr Davey grills burgers in a garden, during campaigning in Wiltshire. PA -
Mr Sunak during a visit to Leander Club, in Henley-on-Thames, as a boat carrying Liberal Democrat supporters passes behind him. Reuters -
Mr Starmer meets pensioners to talk about the impact of the energy crisis and the cost of living, in a cafe in Bolton. PA -
Mr Sunak and Mr Starmer lock horns the first televised general election debate of the campaign, at MediaCity in Salford. PA -
Mr Davey plays Jenga using symbolic 'blue wall' blocks in Stockport. EPA -
Former Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn poses outside Islington Town Hall, north London, after handing in his nomination papers for the general election, taking place on July 4. PA -
Mr Farage has a milkshake hurled at him during a campaign event in Clacton-on-Sea. EPA -
Mr Sunak launches the Conservative Party's campaign bus at Redcar Racecourse in north-east England. PA -
Labour launch their election campaign bus, with Mr Starmer, his deputy Angela Rayner and Rachel Reeves, shadow chancellor, in Uxbridge. Getty Images -
Mr Davey holds a balloon with a figure that represents the amount of votes the Liberal Democrat party lost by in Wimbledon. PA -
Mr Sunak feeds lambs as he visits Rowlinson's Farm during a Conservative general election campaign event in Gawsworth. Reuters -
Scottish Labour leader Anas Sarwar, Mr Starmer, shadow secretary of state for energy security and net zero Ed Miliband and local candidate Martin McCluskey in Greenock. PA -
Mr Sunak holds a question and answer session during a visit to Niftylift in Milton Keynes. EPA -
Mr Starmer serves ice cream to day trippers on Barry seafront in South Wales. PA -
Mr Davey takes part in a baking lesson with pupils from High Beeches Primary School during a half-term holiday camp in Hertfordshire. PA -
Mr Sunak speaks with a cafe worker as he picks up breakfast for the media at a cafe in Cornwall. PA -
Mr Starmer speaks at the launch of Labour's six steps for change in Wales at the Priory Centre in Abergavenny. PA -
Mr Davey and Anna Sabine, parliamentary candidate for Frome and East Somerset, ride the Ultimate Slip 'n' Slide at Eastcote Farm in Beckington. Bloomberg -
Scottish National Party Leader John Swinney speaks during a visit to The Dower House Cafe in Edinburgh. AP -
Rishi Sunak examines Jackal armoured vehicles during his visit to defence vehicle manufacturer Supacat in Exeter. PA -
Keir Starmer with a baby at Worcester City Football Club. PA -
Ed Davey rides a bike during a visit to Knighton, Wales. PA -
Nigel Farage at the cliffs in Dover after speaking at a Reform UK event. Getty Images -
Akshata Murty, wife of Mr Sunak, meets with residents during a visit to a Royal British Legion care home in Ripon. Getty Images -
Keir Starmer and shadow chancellor Rachel Reeves during a visit to Rolls Royce’s educational training complex in Derby. PA -
Ed Davey falls into the water while paddle boarding on Lake Windermere. PA -
Rishi Sunak campaigning in Amersham, Buckinghamshire. EPA -
Mr Starmer addresses party members and media in Lancing Parish Hall, West Sussex. Getty Images -
Mr Davey launches his party's general election campaign battle bus in Cambridge. PA -
Mr Sunak on the ball during a visit to Chesham United Football Club. PA -
Mr Starmer speaks to party supporters after making his first keynote speech of the campaign in Lancing. PA -
Mr Davey join supporters for a dog walk near Winchester. PA -
Mr Sunak visits a maritime technology centre in Belfast, Northern Ireland, as he campaigns for the general election on July 4. Reuters -
Mr Starmer and his Scottish counterpart, Anas Sarwar, greet supporters at the launch of the Scottish Labour general election campaign at Caledonia House in Glasgow. Getty Images -
Mr Davey, right, eats ice cream with his party's local candidate, Josh Babarinde, on the promenade in Eastbourne. PA -
Mr Sunak arrives at Inverness Airport, in Scotland, on the general election campaign trail. PA -
Mr Starmer during a visit to Gillingham Football Club in Kent. PA -
Mr Sunak speaks with members of staff at the Global Energy Group facility at the Port of Nigg in north-east Scotland. AFP -
Mr Davey during a visit to the town centre in Cheltenham. PA -
Richard Tice, the leader of Reform UK, attends an election campaign launch in London. AP -
Mr Sunak holds a Q&A with staff of a West Transport distribution centre in Ilkeston in the East Midlands. AP -
Labour's deputy leader Angela Rayner and Mr Starmer arrive at Gillingham FC. Getty Images -
Mr Sunak takes questions from workers at West Transport. Getty Images -
Mr Starmer holds a piece of campaign branding at Gillingham. PA -
Mr Sunak poses for a selfie in Ilkeston. AFP
