A member of the Royal School of Needlework works on the chair of state of Queen Consort Camilla before the coronation. PA
A member of the Royal School of Needlework works on the chair of state of Queen Consort Camilla before the coronation. PA
A member of the Royal School of Needlework works on the chair of state of Queen Consort Camilla before the coronation. PA
A member of the Royal School of Needlework works on the chair of state of Queen Consort Camilla before the coronation. PA

The chairs of state: A look at some of the most important symbols of the monarchy


Marwa Hassan
  • English
  • Arabic

Follow the latest news from the coronation of King Charles here

The UK has a rich history of chairs of state, which hold great significance in royal ceremonies and symbolise the power and authority of the British monarchy.

Among the most prominent are the Chairs of Estate and the Throne Chairs, each playing a distinct role in the coronation ceremonies of British monarchs.

Crafted for Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip in 1953, the Chairs of Estate have been meticulously conserved and reupholstered.

These regal chairs mark the beginning of the service during coronation ceremonies.

The Throne Chairs, commissioned for the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother, in 1937, have also been preserved and reupholstered for use in future coronations.

During the coronation ceremony, the sovereign and their consort are seated on the Chairs of Estate, and the Archbishop of Canterbury administers the oath.

After the anointing and crowning, the newly crowned monarch moves to the Throne Chairs, signifying the completion of the most solemn part of the ceremony and the commencement of the homage segment.

Chairs of state in the UK, including the Chairs of Estate and Throne Chairs, are characterised by their large size, ornate design, luxurious upholstery and gold or silver embellishments.

These opulent chairs grace formal events such as coronations, state banquets and religious ceremonies.

One of the UK's most renowned chairs of state is the Coronation Chair, also known as King Edward's Chair.

  • Phillip Williams, 86, from East Sussex, was 16 when Queen Elizabeth II was crowned and worked a 15-hour shift as a young police cadet. All photos: Reuters
    Phillip Williams, 86, from East Sussex, was 16 when Queen Elizabeth II was crowned and worked a 15-hour shift as a young police cadet. All photos: Reuters
  • The helmet of retired Metropolitan Police officer Phillip Williams is displayed in his home in East Sussex
    The helmet of retired Metropolitan Police officer Phillip Williams is displayed in his home in East Sussex
  • Alan Francis, 93, a retired police officer, at his home in Orpington, Kent
    Alan Francis, 93, a retired police officer, at his home in Orpington, Kent
  • A City of London Police ornament belonging to Alan Francis, who was stationed outside Westminster Abbey during the queen's coronation
    A City of London Police ornament belonging to Alan Francis, who was stationed outside Westminster Abbey during the queen's coronation
  • Brenda Piper, 88, left rear, with friends as they wait for Queen Elizabeth II's coronation procession to pass by in Piccadilly
    Brenda Piper, 88, left rear, with friends as they wait for Queen Elizabeth II's coronation procession to pass by in Piccadilly
  • A letter from Queen Elizabeth II to Angela Cumlin, 97, thanking her for the birthday wishes she sent to the queen
    A letter from Queen Elizabeth II to Angela Cumlin, 97, thanking her for the birthday wishes she sent to the queen
  • Norman Allen, 86, was 16 and a boy scout at the time of coronation in 1953. He volunteered to sell programmes on The Mall during the ceremony
    Norman Allen, 86, was 16 and a boy scout at the time of coronation in 1953. He volunteered to sell programmes on The Mall during the ceremony
  • Pamela Tawse, 88, was 18 in 1953 and attended the coronation procession with a friend after working a night shift at St Bart's Hospital
    Pamela Tawse, 88, was 18 in 1953 and attended the coronation procession with a friend after working a night shift at St Bart's Hospital
  • Old photographs of Tom Weatherall, 89, including one, centre, of him and a friend before the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
    Old photographs of Tom Weatherall, 89, including one, centre, of him and a friend before the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
  • Muriel Tredinnick, 103, in her bedroom at the Rokewood Court Care Home in Kenley. In 1953 she visited a friend's house to watch the crowning on TV, the first time in her life she had watched television
    Muriel Tredinnick, 103, in her bedroom at the Rokewood Court Care Home in Kenley. In 1953 she visited a friend's house to watch the crowning on TV, the first time in her life she had watched television
  • Rev Milton Job, 90, in the Celestial Church of Christ in south-east London. Rev Job, who moved to the UK in 1961 from Nigeria, was 20 at the time of the coronation and enjoyed an Empire Day festival with his community on the day of the event
    Rev Milton Job, 90, in the Celestial Church of Christ in south-east London. Rev Job, who moved to the UK in 1961 from Nigeria, was 20 at the time of the coronation and enjoyed an Empire Day festival with his community on the day of the event
  • Information about Yvonne (Eve) Harewood, 83, on the door of her bedroom at the Peartree Care Home in London. Harewood, who is originally from Singapore, watched the event on television with her sister and her school friends
    Information about Yvonne (Eve) Harewood, 83, on the door of her bedroom at the Peartree Care Home in London. Harewood, who is originally from Singapore, watched the event on television with her sister and her school friends
  • Angela Cumlin, 97, at home in London. Cumlin, who is Italian and moved to the UK in 1947, shares a birthday with the late queen and attended a party on the street where she still lives today
    Angela Cumlin, 97, at home in London. Cumlin, who is Italian and moved to the UK in 1947, shares a birthday with the late queen and attended a party on the street where she still lives today
  • Olive Goldsmith, 90, at home in London. In 1953 she didn't know anyone with a television so she attended a street party with her baby and two friends
    Olive Goldsmith, 90, at home in London. In 1953 she didn't know anyone with a television so she attended a street party with her baby and two friends
  • A basket belonging to Pamela Tawse, 88, who said in 1953 she 'could see nothing due to the density of the crowds'. But 'suddenly there was an almighty roar and above the crowds we could see the top of the Coronation Coach pass by,' she said. 'We were there, participating in the coronation.'
    A basket belonging to Pamela Tawse, 88, who said in 1953 she 'could see nothing due to the density of the crowds'. But 'suddenly there was an almighty roar and above the crowds we could see the top of the Coronation Coach pass by,' she said. 'We were there, participating in the coronation.'
  • A portrait from 1953 of Reverend Milton Job and a photograph from 2008 of Queen Elizabeth II awarding him with an MBE on display at the Celestial Church of Christ, in south-east London
    A portrait from 1953 of Reverend Milton Job and a photograph from 2008 of Queen Elizabeth II awarding him with an MBE on display at the Celestial Church of Christ, in south-east London
  • Brenda Piper, 88, with her daughter's cat Bueno. Piper was 19 in 1953 when she camped overnight on the route with her friends to get a good spot to watch the coronation procession
    Brenda Piper, 88, with her daughter's cat Bueno. Piper was 19 in 1953 when she camped overnight on the route with her friends to get a good spot to watch the coronation procession
  • Yvonne Harewood, 83, originally from Singapore, watched the event on television with her sister and her school friends
    Yvonne Harewood, 83, originally from Singapore, watched the event on television with her sister and her school friends
  • Royal Air Force veteran Tom Weatherall, 89, who received an MBE from Queen Elizabeth II was 19 at the time of the coronation and part of the procession
    Royal Air Force veteran Tom Weatherall, 89, who received an MBE from Queen Elizabeth II was 19 at the time of the coronation and part of the procession
  • Alex Falk, 86, who was 16 in 1953, was inside Westminster Abbey for his job as a runner for Reuters and at the time did not realise the significance of the coronation
    Alex Falk, 86, who was 16 in 1953, was inside Westminster Abbey for his job as a runner for Reuters and at the time did not realise the significance of the coronation

Housed in Westminster Abbey, this historic chair has been used for the coronation of British monarchs since the 14th century.

The Chairs of Estate and Throne Chairs not only represent the importance of those seated upon them but also inspire awe and respect in observers.

As enduring symbols in British royal history, these chairs of state continue to reflect the grand tradition and significance of the monarchy.

SPEC%20SHEET%3A%20SAMSUNG%20GALAXY%20Z%20FLIP%204
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Dubai World Cup Carnival Thursday race card

6.30pm: Dubai Millennium Stakes Group Three US$200,000 (Turf) 2,000m
7.05pm: Handicap $135,000 (T) 1,600m​​​​​​​
7.40pm: UAE Oaks Group Three $250,000 (Dirt) 1,900m​​​​​​​
8.15pm: Zabeel Mile Group Two $250,000 (T) 1,600m​​​​​​​
8.50pm: Meydan Sprint Group Two $250,000 (T) 1,000m​​​​​​​
9.25pm: Handicap $135,000 (D) 1,400m
10pm: Handicap $135,000 (T) 1,600m

ENGLAND SQUAD

Team: 15 Mike Brown, 14 Anthony Watson, 13 Ben Te'o, 12 Owen Farrell, 11 Jonny May, 10 George Ford, 9 Ben Youngs, 1 Mako Vunipola, 2 Dylan Hartley, 3 Dan Cole, 4 Joe Launchbury, 5 Maro Itoje, 6 Courtney Lawes, 7 Chris Robshaw, 8 Sam Simmonds

Replacements 16 Jamie George, 17 Alec Hepburn, 18 Harry Williams, 19 George Kruis, 20 Sam Underhill, 21 Danny Care, 22 Jonathan Joseph, 23 Jack Nowell

KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN MARITIME DISPUTE

2000: Israel withdraws from Lebanon after nearly 30 years without an officially demarcated border. The UN establishes the Blue Line to act as the frontier.

2007: Lebanon and Cyprus define their respective exclusive economic zones to facilitate oil and gas exploration. Israel uses this to define its EEZ with Cyprus

2011: Lebanon disputes Israeli-proposed line and submits documents to UN showing different EEZ. Cyprus offers to mediate without much progress.

2018: Lebanon signs first offshore oil and gas licencing deal with consortium of France’s Total, Italy’s Eni and Russia’s Novatek.

2018-2019: US seeks to mediate between Israel and Lebanon to prevent clashes over oil and gas resources.

COMPANY PROFILE

Name: Rain Management

Year started: 2017

Based: Bahrain

Employees: 100-120

Amount raised: $2.5m from BitMex Ventures and Blockwater. Another $6m raised from MEVP, Coinbase, Vision Ventures, CMT, Jimco and DIFC Fintech Fund

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Emergency phone numbers in the UAE

Estijaba – 8001717 –  number to call to request coronavirus testing

Ministry of Health and Prevention – 80011111

Dubai Health Authority – 800342 – The number to book a free video or voice consultation with a doctor or connect to a local health centre

Emirates airline – 600555555

Etihad Airways – 600555666

Ambulance – 998

Knowledge and Human Development Authority – 8005432 ext. 4 for Covid-19 queries

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Milestones on the road to union

1970

October 26: Bahrain withdraws from a proposal to create a federation of nine with the seven Trucial States and Qatar. 

December: Ahmed Al Suwaidi visits New York to discuss potential UN membership.

1971

March 1:  Alex Douglas Hume, Conservative foreign secretary confirms that Britain will leave the Gulf and “strongly supports” the creation of a Union of Arab Emirates.

July 12: Historic meeting at which Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid make a binding agreement to create what will become the UAE.

July 18: It is announced that the UAE will be formed from six emirates, with a proposed constitution signed. RAK is not yet part of the agreement.

August 6:  The fifth anniversary of Sheikh Zayed becoming Ruler of Abu Dhabi, with official celebrations deferred until later in the year.

August 15: Bahrain becomes independent.

September 3: Qatar becomes independent.

November 23-25: Meeting with Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid and senior British officials to fix December 2 as date of creation of the UAE.

November 29:  At 5.30pm Iranian forces seize the Greater and Lesser Tunbs by force.

November 30: Despite  a power sharing agreement, Tehran takes full control of Abu Musa. 

November 31: UK officials visit all six participating Emirates to formally end the Trucial States treaties

December 2: 11am, Dubai. New Supreme Council formally elects Sheikh Zayed as President. Treaty of Friendship signed with the UK. 11.30am. Flag raising ceremony at Union House and Al Manhal Palace in Abu Dhabi witnessed by Sheikh Khalifa, then Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi.

December 6: Arab League formally admits the UAE. The first British Ambassador presents his credentials to Sheikh Zayed.

December 9: UAE joins the United Nations.

Employment lawyer Meriel Schindler of Withers Worldwide shares her tips on achieving equal pay
 
Do your homework
Make sure that you are being offered a fair salary. There is lots of industry data available, and you can always talk to people who have come out of the organisation. Where I see people coming a cropper is where they haven’t done their homework.
 
Don’t be afraid to negotiate

It’s quite standard to negotiate if you think an offer is on the low side. The job is unlikely to be withdrawn if you ask for money, and if that did happen I’d question whether you want to work for an employer who is so hypersensitive.
 
Know your worth
Women tend to be a bit more reticent to talk about their achievements. In my experience they need to have more confidence in their own abilities – men will big up what they’ve done to get a pay rise, and to compete women need to turn up the volume.
 
Work together
If you suspect men in your organisation are being paid more, look your boss in the eye and say, “I want you to assure me that I’m paid equivalent to my peers”. If you’re not getting a straight answer, talk to your peer group and consider taking direct action to fix inequality.

Updated: May 06, 2023, 10:55 AM