• Lebanese protesters on a motorboat sail in front of an Israeli navy vessel during a demonstration on September 4. AP Photo
    Lebanese protesters on a motorboat sail in front of an Israeli navy vessel during a demonstration on September 4. AP Photo
  • They are asserting Lebanon's right to its maritime oil and gas fields. AP Photo
    They are asserting Lebanon's right to its maritime oil and gas fields. AP Photo
  • The banner on the Lebanese protesters' yacht reads: 'No compromises. No waivers. No negligence. Our maritime resources belong to us.' AP Photo
    The banner on the Lebanese protesters' yacht reads: 'No compromises. No waivers. No negligence. Our maritime resources belong to us.' AP Photo
  • The maritime border dispute flared up in early June after Israel moved a production vessel to the Karish offshore field. AFP
    The maritime border dispute flared up in early June after Israel moved a production vessel to the Karish offshore field. AFP
  • Lebanese soldiers patrol near an Israeli navy vessel during the demonstration. AP Photo
    Lebanese soldiers patrol near an Israeli navy vessel during the demonstration. AP Photo
  • Protesters with slogans on their boats asserting Lebanon's right to its offshore gas wealth. AFP
    Protesters with slogans on their boats asserting Lebanon's right to its offshore gas wealth. AFP
  • The flotilla off the Lebanese town of Naqoura. AP Photo
    The flotilla off the Lebanese town of Naqoura. AP Photo
  • The protest boats approach a buoy marking the sea border between Israel and Lebanon. AFP
    The protest boats approach a buoy marking the sea border between Israel and Lebanon. AFP

Lebanese MPs call for maritime deal with Israel to be shared with parliament


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The speaker of the Lebanese parliament has called for MPs to receive a copy of a draft maritime border agreement between Israel and Lebanon, amid criticism in Beirut that the terms have had insufficient parliamentary oversight.

MPs say they have not officially been told of the terms of the agreement, although drafts have been leaked to Israeli media.

At a parliamentary session on Thursday, a handful of MPs urged speaker Nabih Berri to convene a session where MPs could discuss the US-mediated demarcation plan.

The MPs argue that as an international treaty, the deal should be voted on in parliament. One of them, MP Melhem Khalaf, said a failure to send the agreement to parliament would be “a constitutional violation”.

Not long after the session ended due to a lack of quorum, Mr Berri requested that a copy of the deal be shared “with the members of parliament for observation after the Council of Ministers’ approval.”

While Lebanon has yet to officially accept the deal, both Tel Aviv and Beirut have said they are satisfied with it. Lebanese President Michel Aoun has said the agreement meets Lebanon’s demands.

But it remains unclear why Lebanon has not formally announced its acceptance despite its positive messaging.

A deal paves the way for both countries, which technically remain in a state of war, to conduct gas exploration in the Mediterranean while easing a potential source of tension.

It will not resolve a dispute over the land border, with a highly controversial line of buoys extending from that contested point remaining as the status quo for now.

Under the terms of the agreement, it appears a prospective gasfield called Qana would be under Lebanon's control.

It is expected that French company Total will be licensed to search for gas and Israel would receive a share of future profits.

Israeli Prime Minister Yair Lapid said that under the agreed terms, Israel “will receive approximately 17 per cent of the revenue from the Lebanese gasfield, the Qana-Sidon field, if and when they will open it.”

Lebanon is in desperate need of any economic lifelines, amid one of the worst economic collapses in modern history that has plunged much of the country into poverty.

Ten tax points to be aware of in 2026

1. Domestic VAT refund amendments: request your refund within five years

If a business does not apply for the refund on time, they lose their credit.

2. E-invoicing in the UAE

Businesses should continue preparing for the implementation of e-invoicing in the UAE, with 2026 a preparation and transition period ahead of phased mandatory adoption. 

3. More tax audits

Tax authorities are increasingly using data already available across multiple filings to identify audit risks. 

4. More beneficial VAT and excise tax penalty regime

Tax disputes are expected to become more frequent and more structured, with clearer administrative objection and appeal processes. The UAE has adopted a new penalty regime for VAT and excise disputes, which now mirrors the penalty regime for corporate tax.

5. Greater emphasis on statutory audit

There is a greater need for the accuracy of financial statements. The International Financial Reporting Standards standards need to be strictly adhered to and, as a result, the quality of the audits will need to increase.

6. Further transfer pricing enforcement

Transfer pricing enforcement, which refers to the practice of establishing prices for internal transactions between related entities, is expected to broaden in scope. The UAE will shortly open the possibility to negotiate advance pricing agreements, or essentially rulings for transfer pricing purposes. 

7. Limited time periods for audits

Recent amendments also introduce a default five-year limitation period for tax audits and assessments, subject to specific statutory exceptions. While the standard audit and assessment period is five years, this may be extended to up to 15 years in cases involving fraud or tax evasion. 

8. Pillar 2 implementation 

Many multinational groups will begin to feel the practical effect of the Domestic Minimum Top-Up Tax (DMTT), the UAE's implementation of the OECD’s global minimum tax under Pillar 2. While the rules apply for financial years starting on or after January 1, 2025, it is 2026 that marks the transition to an operational phase.

9. Reduced compliance obligations for imported goods and services

Businesses that apply the reverse-charge mechanism for VAT purposes in the UAE may benefit from reduced compliance obligations. 

10. Substance and CbC reporting focus

Tax authorities are expected to continue strengthening the enforcement of economic substance and Country-by-Country (CbC) reporting frameworks. In the UAE, these regimes are increasingly being used as risk-assessment tools, providing tax authorities with a comprehensive view of multinational groups’ global footprints and enabling them to assess whether profits are aligned with real economic activity. 

Contributed by Thomas Vanhee and Hend Rashwan, Aurifer

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Classification of skills

A worker is categorised as skilled by the MOHRE based on nine levels given in the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) issued by the International Labour Organisation. 

A skilled worker would be someone at a professional level (levels 1 – 5) which includes managers, professionals, technicians and associate professionals, clerical support workers, and service and sales workers.

The worker must also have an attested educational certificate higher than secondary or an equivalent certification, and earn a monthly salary of at least Dh4,000. 

Updated: October 13, 2022, 3:39 PM