The military investigation into the deadly attack during the Afghanistan evacuation has concluded that a suicide bomber, carrying nine kilograms of explosives packed with ball bearings, acted alone and that the deaths of more than 170 Afghans and 13 US servicemembers were not preventable.
The blast at Abbey Gate outside Kabul airport on August 26 killed 11 US marines, a sailor and a soldier, who were screening the thousands of Afghans frantically trying to get on to one of the crowded flights leaving the country after the Taliban takeover. ISIS claimed responsibility for the attack.
At the Pentagon on Friday, military officials laid out a detailed and graphic minute-by-minute account of the bombing. The bottom line, they said, was that those who died had wounds that were “so catastrophic” that they couldn’t be overcome.
And they said that earlier thoughts that it was a complex attack involving gunfire turned out to be unfounded.
“A single explosive device killed at least 170 Afghan civilians and 13 US servicemembers by explosively directing ball bearings through a packed crowd and into our men and women at Abbey gate,” said Gen Frank McKenzie, head of US Central Command.
“The disturbing lethality of this device was confirmed by the 58 US servicemembers who were killed and wounded despite the universal wear of body armour and helmets that did stop ball bearings that impacted them, but could not prevent catastrophic injuries to areas not covered.”
Investigators said the bomber likely arrived near the gate by bypassing Taliban and other security checkpoints.
They said it appears the Taliban didn’t know of the attack, that security precautions were being taken and that intelligence about potential threats that was circulating that day was not specific.
“Based upon our investigation, at the tactical level this was not preventable,” said Brig Gen Lance Curtis, who led the investigation.
He added that military leaders on the ground in Kabul followed proper security measures, at times closing the gate or pausing the processing of evacuees.
Military officials said that gunfire after the blast was found to be warning shots fired by US and British troops, and that no one was killed or wounded by gunshots.
Gen McKenzie said the investigation revealed that the five-millimetre ball bearings in the bomb caused wounds that looked like gunshots. He said some troops in the area fired a number of warning shots and that led others to believe that the attack also included gunmen.
Friday’s briefing lasted more than an hour and resembled the detailed explanations military officials gave to the families of the troops killed that day. It included several videos of the chaos at the gate at the time of the bombing.
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Smoke billows near Hamid Karzai International Airport after a suicide attack in Kabul on August 26, 2021. EPA -
Medical and hospital staff bring an injured man on a stretcher for treatment after a powerful explosion in Kabul. AFP -
The blast occurred outside the Abbey Gate and follows recent security warnings of attacks before the August 31 deadline for US troop withdrawal. EPA -
Volunteers and medical staff bring an injured man for treatment. AFP -
A US official told The Associated Press that the attack outside Kabul airport is 'definitely believed' to have been carried out by ISIS-K. AFP -
A hospital in Kabul said it had received 60 wounded patients. AFP -
US President Joe Biden has been briefed on the explosion, a White House official stated. AFP
One is very brief and shows two marines in the foreground, and deep in the background between them is a glimpse of a single person, dressed all in black.
And then there is the sound of an explosion, and a cloud of black smoke rises from that area.
Investigators said the bomber was likely standing on the far side of a sewage canal and was a bit “elevated” when detonating the bomb. Pieces of a backpack were found.
Three servicemembers who were standing on a short wall looking over the crowd to identify potential evacuees were a few metres from the blast and were killed.
Longer videos shot from overhead show marines and others rushing to treat and remove the wounded, providing first aid and carrying people over their shoulders as they ran, while civilians scrambled to flee the area.
Marines cut holes in the adjacent fence so they could gain access to triage areas more quickly, while also struggling through a fog of tear gas that enveloped the area when the bomb fragments punctured the canisters troops carry.
The blast, said investigators, created “instant chaos and sensory overload”. But within 20 minutes, all of the killed and wounded had been moved to triage sites.
The nearly 20 pages of briefing documents included photos showing the crush of Afghans and others trying to be cleared into the airport, many waving documents and slogging through the sewage trench to come closer to the troops processing evacuees.
Investigators said that as the Taliban made it more difficult to move through checkpoints, Afghans and others began using side roads and back alleys to come closer to the outer gate.
The investigation also concluded that there was enough medical staff and blood at several sites around the airport, including nine surgical teams and a hospital. And it quoted a trauma surgeon who told investigators: “We had all we needed. Did we need more people? No, we had a lot of experience on the team and plenty of people.”
The number of servicemembers wounded in the bombing grew to 45 in the following days as they were examined and some were found to have traumatic brain injuries from the blast.
US military officials have said all along that the forces at the gates were doing a dangerous job. Overall the US-led coalition flew out about 126,000 people in about three weeks, and the US left Afghanistan for the last time at around midnight on August 30.
Early on, Gen McKenzie said troops at the gates had to come close to the people they were screening.
“This is close-up work. The breath of the person you are searching is upon you,” Gen McKenzie said in August soon after the attack.
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Relatives retrieve the body of a loved one killed in the airport bomb attack in Kabul, Afghanistan. EPA -
Relatives arrive to identify bodies following the explosion. EPA -
Once identified, relatives took the bodies of loved ones away to be buried. EPA -
An injured victim waits for hospital treatment. EPA -
More than a hundred people were injured in a suicide bombing in Kabul on Thursday. EPA -
The bombing attack occurred right outside the Kabul airport where Afghans are attempting to flee the country. EPA -
More than 60 Afghan people were killed. EPA -
Eighteen US service members were injured and 13 killed in the attack. EPA -
US President Biden had cited the risk of a terror attack among the reasons for bringing US troops out of the country by August 31. EPA -
US President Biden vowed he would make the perpetrators of the attack pay. EPA
