India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi was the guest of honour at France's Bastille Day celebrations on Friday as the two countries marked a quarter of a century of close ties.
The two-day visit included a banquet at the Louvre, Indian troops marching down the Champs-Elysees and a speech by Mr Modi to Indians from across Europe.
Mr Modi was warmly welcomed by French President Emmanuel Macron ahead of the festivities, which mark the storming of Bastille prison at the start of the French Revolution.
Earlier, Mr Macron awarded Mr Modi the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, the country's top order of merit. Mr Modi hailed it as “an honour for the 1.4 billion residents of India”.
The celebrations kicked off with a traditional military parade in the morning that had tanks, planes and soldiers sweeping down the Champs Elysees.
The Indian Prime Minister's two-day visit has attracted a high degree of fanfare, marking 25 years of a strategic partnership between the two countries and reflects India's growing strategic and military might.
France has been one of India's closest partners in Europe for decades. It was the only western nation to not impose sanctions on New Delhi after India conducted nuclear tests in 1998.
India's decision to buy 26 French-made Rafael jets and three more Scorpene-class submarines in a deal expected to be worth billions of euros had previously been announced the country's defence ministry.
The total value of the purchases is expected to be around 800 billion rupees ($9.75 billion), according to reports. India has already purchased 36 Rafale jets, three of which flew over Paris during the parade.
Bastille Day parade – in pictures
“We were able to all see a marvellous image of our co-operation on sea, land and in the skies,” Mr Modi said.
The timing of the festivities comes at a sensitive time for France after major cities were gripped by widespread rioting and looting across the country, triggered by a fatal police shooting of a 17-year-old.
A large police presence has been deployed to prevent further unrest. Some towns have cancelled their traditional firework displays out of fear of violence, and buses and trams are to stop running in the Paris region later in the evening.
Despite differences over the war in Ukraine and concerns over human rights in India, western democracies are courting India as a military and economic counterweight to China.
The French President told a meeting of military leaders on Thursday evening that India was “a giant of world history, which will have a decisive role for our future”.
He later tweeted in Hindi, saying that France would never forget the Indian soldiers who died in the First World War alongside French troops.
The main Paris fireworks display is set to go ahead on Friday evening and will be watched by Mr Macron and Mr Modi after they attend a banquet with 200 guests at the Louvre Museum.
During a press conference, Mr Modi said defence co-operation was a key pillar of Franco-Indian relations and that the two nations would discuss possibilities for co-production as part of efforts to deepen ties.
Mr Modi also told reporters that the countries had prepared a plan to work together in areas including space and nuclear energy.
Mr Macron referred to a “convergence” between France and India 25 years after they first signed a strategic partnership deal.
“We defend the same idea together of the Indo-Pacific, a space that must remain open and free of all hegemonic power,” he said during the press conference with Mr Modi, in a veiled reference to Beijing.
The trip comes less than a month after US President Joe Biden hosted Mr Modi on a state visit, during which Washington offered critical military technology, including fighter jet engines and high altitude drones, to New Delhi.
Mr Macron has treated only a few global leaders to the Bastille Day military parade.
He invited Donald Trump to the 2017 celebrations, and the former US president was so impressed by the French march-past that he asked Pentagon officials to explore a similar parade in celebration of American troops.
More coverage from the Future Forum
Profile
Co-founders of the company: Vilhelm Hedberg and Ravi Bhusari
Launch year: In 2016 ekar launched and signed an agreement with Etihad Airways in Abu Dhabi. In January 2017 ekar launched in Dubai in a partnership with the RTA.
Number of employees: Over 50
Financing stage: Series B currently being finalised
Investors: Series A - Audacia Capital
Sector of operation: Transport
Tributes from the UAE's personal finance community
• Sebastien Aguilar, who heads SimplyFI.org, a non-profit community where people learn to invest Bogleheads’ style
“It is thanks to Jack Bogle’s work that this community exists and thanks to his work that many investors now get the full benefits of long term, buy and hold stock market investing.
Compared to the industry, investing using the common sense approach of a Boglehead saves a lot in costs and guarantees higher returns than the average actively managed fund over the long term.
From a personal perspective, learning how to invest using Bogle’s approach was a turning point in my life. I quickly realised there was no point chasing returns and paying expensive advisers or platforms. Once money is taken care off, you can work on what truly matters, such as family, relationships or other projects. I owe Jack Bogle for that.”
• Sam Instone, director of financial advisory firm AES International
"Thought to have saved investors over a trillion dollars, Jack Bogle’s ideas truly changed the way the world invests. Shaped by his own personal experiences, his philosophy and basic rules for investors challenged the status quo of a self-interested global industry and eventually prevailed. Loathed by many big companies and commission-driven salespeople, he has transformed the way well-informed investors and professional advisers make decisions."
• Demos Kyprianou, a board member of SimplyFI.org
"Jack Bogle for me was a rebel, a revolutionary who changed the industry and gave the little guy like me, a chance. He was also a mentor who inspired me to take the leap and take control of my own finances."
• Steve Cronin, founder of DeadSimpleSaving.com
"Obsessed with reducing fees, Jack Bogle structured Vanguard to be owned by its clients – that way the priority would be fee minimisation for clients rather than profit maximisation for the company.
His real gift to us has been the ability to invest in the stock market (buy and hold for the long term) rather than be forced to speculate (try to make profits in the shorter term) or even worse have others speculate on our behalf.
Bogle has given countless investors the ability to get on with their life while growing their wealth in the background as fast as possible. The Financial Independence movement would barely exist without this."
• Zach Holz, who blogs about financial independence at The Happiest Teacher
"Jack Bogle was one of the greatest forces for wealth democratisation the world has ever seen. He allowed people a way to be free from the parasitical "financial advisers" whose only real concern are the fat fees they get from selling you over-complicated "products" that have caused millions of people all around the world real harm.”
• Tuan Phan, a board member of SimplyFI.org
"In an industry that’s synonymous with greed, Jack Bogle was a lone wolf, swimming against the tide. When others were incentivised to enrich themselves, he stood by the ‘fiduciary’ standard – something that is badly needed in the financial industry of the UAE."
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UAE v Zimbabwe A, 50 over series
Fixtures
Thursday, Nov 9 - 9.30am, ICC Academy, Dubai
Saturday, Nov 11 – 9.30am, ICC Academy, Dubai
Monday, Nov 13 – 2pm, Dubai International Stadium
Thursday, Nov 16 – 2pm, ICC Academy, Dubai
Saturday, Nov 18 – 9.30am, ICC Academy, Dubai