Queen Elizabeth II dies aged 96, Buckingham Palace announces


Paul Carey
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Queen Elizabeth II dies - follow the latest news as the world mourns

Queen Elizabeth II has died at the age of 96, Buckingham Palace has announced.

The queen died peacefully at Balmoral this afternoon. The king and the queen consort will remain at Balmoral this evening and will return to London tomorrow," the palace said.

The flag at Buckingham Palace was lowered to half-staff at 6.30pm UK time. People gathered outside the gates began crying and laid floral tributes.

Prince Charles, 73, is now King Charles III, having acceded to the throne when his mother died.

“The death of my beloved mother, Her Majesty the queen, is a moment of the greatest sadness for me and all members of my family,” he said.

“We mourn profoundly the passing of a cherished sovereign and a much-loved mother. I know her loss will be deeply felt throughout the country, the realms and the Commonwealth, and by countless people around the world.”

United Kingdom: country in mourning as Queen Elizabeth dies - in pictures

  • A well-wisher kisses the hand of King Charles III outside Buckingham Palace after the death on Thursday of Queen Elizabeth II. King Charles, who spent much of his 73 years preparing for the role, on Friday planned to meet the prime minister and address a nation grieving the only British monarch most of the world had known. He takes the throne in an era of uncertainty for his country and the monarchy itself. AP
    A well-wisher kisses the hand of King Charles III outside Buckingham Palace after the death on Thursday of Queen Elizabeth II. King Charles, who spent much of his 73 years preparing for the role, on Friday planned to meet the prime minister and address a nation grieving the only British monarch most of the world had known. He takes the throne in an era of uncertainty for his country and the monarchy itself. AP
  • King Charles III and Queen Consort Camilla arriving at Buckingham Palace, London, after travelling from Balmoral following the death of Queen Elizabeth II on Thursday. PA
    King Charles III and Queen Consort Camilla arriving at Buckingham Palace, London, after travelling from Balmoral following the death of Queen Elizabeth II on Thursday. PA
  • King Charles and the queen consort outside Buckingham Palace. PA
    King Charles and the queen consort outside Buckingham Palace. PA
  • King Charles and the queen consort view tributes left outside Buckingham Palace, London, after the death of Queen Elizabeth on Thursday. PA
    King Charles and the queen consort view tributes left outside Buckingham Palace, London, after the death of Queen Elizabeth on Thursday. PA
  • King Charles greets well-wishers outside Buckingham Palace. AP
    King Charles greets well-wishers outside Buckingham Palace. AP
  • King Charles and the queen consort read messages left by mourners at Buckingham Palace in London. Queen Elizabeth II, Britain's longest-reigning monarch and a rock of stability through much of a turbulent century, died on Thursday, after 70 years on the throne. She was 96. AP
    King Charles and the queen consort read messages left by mourners at Buckingham Palace in London. Queen Elizabeth II, Britain's longest-reigning monarch and a rock of stability through much of a turbulent century, died on Thursday, after 70 years on the throne. She was 96. AP
  • King Charles greets well-wishers at Buckingham Palace after the death on Thursday of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II. AP
    King Charles greets well-wishers at Buckingham Palace after the death on Thursday of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II. AP
  • King Charles and Queen Consort Camilla view tributes left outside Buckingham Palace after the death of Queen Elizabeth II. PA
    King Charles and Queen Consort Camilla view tributes left outside Buckingham Palace after the death of Queen Elizabeth II. PA
  • Outside Buckingham Palace on the first day of public mourning after the death of Queen Elizabeth II. The queen's death at the age of 96 marks the start of a tumultuous 10 days for the UK in which a queen is buried, a nation will mourn its longest-reigning monarch, and a new king is proclaimed. Bloomberg
    Outside Buckingham Palace on the first day of public mourning after the death of Queen Elizabeth II. The queen's death at the age of 96 marks the start of a tumultuous 10 days for the UK in which a queen is buried, a nation will mourn its longest-reigning monarch, and a new king is proclaimed. Bloomberg
  • King Charles during a walkabout to view tributes left outside Buckingham Palace. PA
    King Charles during a walkabout to view tributes left outside Buckingham Palace. PA
  • King Charles outside Buckingham Palace on Friday. AP
    King Charles outside Buckingham Palace on Friday. AP
  • King Charles and Queen Consort Camilla surrounded by crowds of well-wishers in London. Reuters
    King Charles and Queen Consort Camilla surrounded by crowds of well-wishers in London. Reuters
  • The car carrying King Charles and the queen consort arrives at Buckingham Palace with the Union Flag at half mast. Getty Images
    The car carrying King Charles and the queen consort arrives at Buckingham Palace with the Union Flag at half mast. Getty Images
  • People gather at the Queen Victoria Memorial opposite Buckingham Palace on Thursday night after the death of Queen Elizabeth II. Reuters
    People gather at the Queen Victoria Memorial opposite Buckingham Palace on Thursday night after the death of Queen Elizabeth II. Reuters
  • People gather at the Queen Victoria Memorial opposite Buckingham Palace after the death of Queen Elizabeth II. PA
    People gather at the Queen Victoria Memorial opposite Buckingham Palace after the death of Queen Elizabeth II. PA
  • Mourners gather outside Buckingham Palace on Thursday night. PA
    Mourners gather outside Buckingham Palace on Thursday night. PA
  • Tributes and candles left outside Buckingham Palace in London after the queen's death was announced. PA
    Tributes and candles left outside Buckingham Palace in London after the queen's death was announced. PA
  • Police officers stand among floral tributes left outside Buckingham Palace. PA
    Police officers stand among floral tributes left outside Buckingham Palace. PA
  • A member of the royal household staff posts a notice on the gates of Buckingham Palace announcing the death of Queen Elizabeth. AFP
    A member of the royal household staff posts a notice on the gates of Buckingham Palace announcing the death of Queen Elizabeth. AFP
  • Royal follower John Loughrey, wearing a Union Jack hat, photographs the official announcement of the queen's death. EPA
    Royal follower John Loughrey, wearing a Union Jack hat, photographs the official announcement of the queen's death. EPA
  • Mourners outside Buckingham Palace. Reuters
    Mourners outside Buckingham Palace. Reuters
  • A man with a Union flag umbrella shelters from the rain near the Queen Victoria Memorial. AFP
    A man with a Union flag umbrella shelters from the rain near the Queen Victoria Memorial. AFP
  • Mourners on the Queen Victoria Memorial outside Buckingham Palace. PA
    Mourners on the Queen Victoria Memorial outside Buckingham Palace. PA
  • The crowds outside Buckingham Palace on Thursday night. PA
    The crowds outside Buckingham Palace on Thursday night. PA
  • Mourners at the vigil outside Buckingham Palace. PA
    Mourners at the vigil outside Buckingham Palace. PA
  • Mourners at the vigil outside Buckingham Palace. PA
    Mourners at the vigil outside Buckingham Palace. PA
  • Londoners walk down The Mall that leads to Buckingham Palace on Thursday night. PA
    Londoners walk down The Mall that leads to Buckingham Palace on Thursday night. PA
  • Taxis lined up along The Mall leading to Buckingham Palace in London after the announcement of the death of Queen Elizabeth. PA
    Taxis lined up along The Mall leading to Buckingham Palace in London after the announcement of the death of Queen Elizabeth. PA
  • The advertising screens in Piccadilly Circus in London mark the death of the queen. Getty
    The advertising screens in Piccadilly Circus in London mark the death of the queen. Getty
  • An image of Queen Elizabeth II is displayed on The BT Tower in London. Getty
    An image of Queen Elizabeth II is displayed on The BT Tower in London. Getty
  • A bus stop on Tottenham Court road in London displays an image of the queen. Getty
    A bus stop on Tottenham Court road in London displays an image of the queen. Getty
  • Mourners gather outside Windsor Castle, Berkshire. PA
    Mourners gather outside Windsor Castle, Berkshire. PA
  • Flowers are left under the Queen Victoria statue outside Windsor Castle. PA
    Flowers are left under the Queen Victoria statue outside Windsor Castle. PA
  • Candles and flowers form a makeshift memorial at the Queen Victoria statue outside Windsor Castle. PA
    Candles and flowers form a makeshift memorial at the Queen Victoria statue outside Windsor Castle. PA
  • People lay floral tributes outside Balmoral Castle, Scotland, on Thursday night. EPA
    People lay floral tributes outside Balmoral Castle, Scotland, on Thursday night. EPA
  • People lay floral tributes outside Balmoral Castle, Scotland, Britain, 08 September 2022. EPA
    People lay floral tributes outside Balmoral Castle, Scotland, Britain, 08 September 2022. EPA
  • People pay their respects at the gate of Sandringham House in Norfolk. PA
    People pay their respects at the gate of Sandringham House in Norfolk. PA
  • People pay their respects at the gate of Sandringham House in Norfolk. PA
    People pay their respects at the gate of Sandringham House in Norfolk. PA

His wife Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, is now queen consort and will be crowned at his side at his eventual coronation.

UK Prime Minister Liz Truss, speaking on the steps of No 10 Downing Street, said the death of the queen was a “huge shock to the nation and the world”. Ms Truss described the queen as “the rock on which modern Britain was built”.

She said it was “the passing of the second Elizabethan age” and concluded her address by saying: “God save the king.”

The queen dedicated her life to her royal duty.

Acceding to the throne in 1952, the queen was Britain’s longest-reigning monarch and the world’s longest-serving head of state.

She was the first British monarch in history to reach her platinum jubilee and died only three months after the national celebrations in June celebrating her 70 years on the throne.

She was not able to attend all the jubilee events owing to her ill health, but she did make a starring appearance on the balcony at Buckingham Palace.

The queen appeared to be increasingly frail in recent months, reducing her duties and using a walking stick in public.

She had been placed under medical supervision at Balmoral after doctors became concerned about her health, the palace said earlier on Thursday.

The royal family, including the monarch’s four children and her grandson Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, made an urgent dash to be by her bedside.

On Tuesday ― because she was not well enough to travel from Scotland to Buckingham Palace ― she carried out her last official act when she met the UK's new prime minister at Balmoral to invite Ms Truss to form a new government.

Flags lowered to mark the passing of Queen Elizabeth II - in pictures

  • The Union flag is lowered at the Houses of Parliament following the death of Queen Elizabeth II on September 08, 2022 in London, England. Getty
    The Union flag is lowered at the Houses of Parliament following the death of Queen Elizabeth II on September 08, 2022 in London, England. Getty
  • The Union Flag lowered at half mast at Buckingham Palace following the official announcement of the death of Queen Elizabeth II, London, Britain, 08 September 2022. EPA
    The Union Flag lowered at half mast at Buckingham Palace following the official announcement of the death of Queen Elizabeth II, London, Britain, 08 September 2022. EPA
  • The Union Flag above Downing Street, in central London is flown at half mast following the announcement of the death of Queen Elizabeth II. PA
    The Union Flag above Downing Street, in central London is flown at half mast following the announcement of the death of Queen Elizabeth II. PA
  • Defence Forces military police lower the Irish flag to half mast outside government buildings in Dublin following the announcement of the death of Queen Elizabeth II. PA
    Defence Forces military police lower the Irish flag to half mast outside government buildings in Dublin following the announcement of the death of Queen Elizabeth II. PA
  • The Union flag flies at half mast at Hillsborough Castle, Northern Ireland. PA
    The Union flag flies at half mast at Hillsborough Castle, Northern Ireland. PA
  • Flags being lowered to half mast outside The Scottish Parliament building at Holyrood in Edinburgh following the announcement of the death of Queen Elizabeth II. PA
    Flags being lowered to half mast outside The Scottish Parliament building at Holyrood in Edinburgh following the announcement of the death of Queen Elizabeth II. PA
  • The United States national flag flies at half-staff over the White House by proclamation of US President Joe Biden, to honor the late Queen Elizabeth II of Britain following her death, in Washington, DC, USA, 08 September 2022. EPA
    The United States national flag flies at half-staff over the White House by proclamation of US President Joe Biden, to honor the late Queen Elizabeth II of Britain following her death, in Washington, DC, USA, 08 September 2022. EPA
  • The US flag flies at half-staff at the US Capitol in Washington, DC, on September 8, 2022 following the death of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II. AFP
    The US flag flies at half-staff at the US Capitol in Washington, DC, on September 8, 2022 following the death of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II. AFP
  • Frame grab from a video showing a member of the British Embassy staff lowering the flag outside the embassy to half staff upon news of the death of Queen Elizabeth II in Washington, DC, USA, 08 September 2022. EPA
    Frame grab from a video showing a member of the British Embassy staff lowering the flag outside the embassy to half staff upon news of the death of Queen Elizabeth II in Washington, DC, USA, 08 September 2022. EPA
  • The Australian flag files at half-staff at the Australian Embassy, Thursday, September 8, 2022, in Washington, after Queen Elizabeth II, Britain's longest-reigning monarch and a rock of stability across much of a turbulent century, died Thursday after 70 years on the throne. AP
    The Australian flag files at half-staff at the Australian Embassy, Thursday, September 8, 2022, in Washington, after Queen Elizabeth II, Britain's longest-reigning monarch and a rock of stability across much of a turbulent century, died Thursday after 70 years on the throne. AP
  • The Canadian flag flies at half-staff over the Canadian Embassy in Washington, Thursday, September 8, 2022, after Queen Elizabeth II, Britain's longest-reigning monarch and a rock of stability across much of a turbulent century, died Thursday after 70 years on the throne. AP
    The Canadian flag flies at half-staff over the Canadian Embassy in Washington, Thursday, September 8, 2022, after Queen Elizabeth II, Britain's longest-reigning monarch and a rock of stability across much of a turbulent century, died Thursday after 70 years on the throne. AP
  • The Union flag flies at half-staff at the British Embassy in Washington, DC, on September 8, 2022, following the death of Queen Elizabeth II. AFP
    The Union flag flies at half-staff at the British Embassy in Washington, DC, on September 8, 2022, following the death of Queen Elizabeth II. AFP
  • A Canadian flag flies at half-staff at the top of the Peace Tower after the death of Britian's Queen Elizabeth II on September 8, 2022 in Ottawa. AFP
    A Canadian flag flies at half-staff at the top of the Peace Tower after the death of Britian's Queen Elizabeth II on September 8, 2022 in Ottawa. AFP
  • The New Zealand flag at half-mast outside Parliament, in Wellington, New Zealand following the death of Queen Elizabeth II, Friday, September 9, 2022. AP
    The New Zealand flag at half-mast outside Parliament, in Wellington, New Zealand following the death of Queen Elizabeth II, Friday, September 9, 2022. AP
  • A Union flag flies at half-mast at the British embassy in Berlin, Germany 08 September 2022, following the death of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II. EPA
    A Union flag flies at half-mast at the British embassy in Berlin, Germany 08 September 2022, following the death of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II. EPA
  • The Brazilian and the MERCOSUR flags fly at half-mast at the Planalto Palace after the death of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II, in Brasilia, on September 8, 2022. AFP
    The Brazilian and the MERCOSUR flags fly at half-mast at the Planalto Palace after the death of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II, in Brasilia, on September 8, 2022. AFP
  • The Union flag at half-staff due to the death of Queen Elizabeth II, at the British Consulate General, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 08 September 2022. EPA
    The Union flag at half-staff due to the death of Queen Elizabeth II, at the British Consulate General, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 08 September 2022. EPA
  • Union flags flies at half-mast at the British embassy in Madrid, Spain, 08 September 2022, following the death of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II. EPA
    Union flags flies at half-mast at the British embassy in Madrid, Spain, 08 September 2022, following the death of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II. EPA

Mourning period

Britain will now enter a period of national mourning, as tributes flood in from around the globe, hailing the queen’s unwavering commitment to serving her country and the Commonwealth.

The long-held so-called London Bridge plans for the coming days and the queen’s state funeral will now be put in place, as will the contingency element Operation Unicorn for a death in Scotland.

The queen is expected to lie in state in a few days’ time, with her funeral held in Westminster Abbey in central London in about 10 days.

Former prime minister Sir John Major was among the first to pay tribute, saying: “For 70 years Her Majesty the queen devoted her life to the service of our nation and its well-being.

“In her public duties she was selfless and wise, with a wonderful generosity of spirit. That is how she lived — and how she led.”

Former prime minister Sir Tony Blair, who was prime minister when Diana, Princess of Wales, died, said: “We have lost not just our monarch but the matriarch of our nation, the figure who more than any other brought our country together, kept us in touch with our better nature, personified everything which makes us proud to be British.”

Boris Johnson, who saw the queen this week as he formally resigned as prime minister, said: “This is our country’s saddest day. In the hearts of every one of us there is an ache at the passing of our queen, a deep and personal sense of loss — far more intense, perhaps, than we expected.

“In these first grim moments since the news, I know that millions and millions of people have been pausing whatever they have been doing, to think about Queen Elizabeth, about the bright and shining light that has finally gone out.”

UAE leaders also paid tribute. President Sheikh Mohamed said: “I extend my sincere condolences to the family of Queen Elizabeth II and the people of the UK.”

Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid, Vice President and Ruler of Dubai, who knew the queen for many years, said: “We join the world in mourning the passing of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, a global icon who represented the finest qualities of her nation and people.

“Her incredible lifetime of service and duty to the United Kingdom is unparalleled in our modern world.”

French President Emmanuel Macron said on Twitter that the queen embodied the UK’s continuity and unity for more than 70 years.

“I remember her as a friend of France, a kindhearted queen who has left a lasting impression on her country and her century,” he said.

Irish President Michael Higgins called the queen “a remarkable friend of Ireland” who had “great impact on the bonds of mutual understanding between our two peoples”.

“As we offer our condolences to all our neighbours in the United Kingdom, following the loss of a remarkable friend of Ireland, we remember the role Queen Elizabeth played in celebrating the warm and enduring friendship” between both countries, he said in a statement.

Queen Elizabeth's life and reign — in pictures

  • The UK's Queen Elizabeth II has died at the age of 96. She acceded to the throne in 1953 and was the world’s longest-serving head of state. Getty
    The UK's Queen Elizabeth II has died at the age of 96. She acceded to the throne in 1953 and was the world’s longest-serving head of state. Getty
  • The queen was the longest-reigning monarch in British history. Getty
    The queen was the longest-reigning monarch in British history. Getty
  • Queen Elizabeth at the funeral of her husband Prince Philip at Windsor Castle in April 2021. Getty
    Queen Elizabeth at the funeral of her husband Prince Philip at Windsor Castle in April 2021. Getty
  • Queen Elizabeth at Windsor Home Park. She stayed at Windsor Castle during the coronavirus pandemic.
    Queen Elizabeth at Windsor Home Park. She stayed at Windsor Castle during the coronavirus pandemic.
  • The queen and Prince Charles during the opening of parliament in December 2019. Getty
    The queen and Prince Charles during the opening of parliament in December 2019. Getty
  • From left, Queen Elizabeth, Meghan, Duchess of Sussex, Prince Harry, Prince William and Kate, Duchess of Cambridge, at Buckingham Palace.
    From left, Queen Elizabeth, Meghan, Duchess of Sussex, Prince Harry, Prince William and Kate, Duchess of Cambridge, at Buckingham Palace.
  • Queen Elizabeth views a portrait of her by British artist Henry Ward that marked six decades of patronage to the British Red Cross. Getty
    Queen Elizabeth views a portrait of her by British artist Henry Ward that marked six decades of patronage to the British Red Cross. Getty
  • Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip at The Mall in 2016 for an event to celebrate her 90th birthday. Getty
    Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip at The Mall in 2016 for an event to celebrate her 90th birthday. Getty
  • The queen at a Chelsea Flower Show display in 2016. Getty
    The queen at a Chelsea Flower Show display in 2016. Getty
  • A train line in London is named after the monarch in 2016. Getty
    A train line in London is named after the monarch in 2016. Getty
  • Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip inaugurate the new Scottish Borders Railway in 2015, on the day she became Britain's longest-reigning monarch. Getty
    Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip inaugurate the new Scottish Borders Railway in 2015, on the day she became Britain's longest-reigning monarch. Getty
  • The queen and Prince Harry at the Chelsea Flower show in 2015. Getty
    The queen and Prince Harry at the Chelsea Flower show in 2015. Getty
  • The queen records her Christmas message in 3D for the first time in 2012. Getty
    The queen records her Christmas message in 3D for the first time in 2012. Getty
  • The Duchess of Cambridge and Queen Elizabeth watch a children's sporting event in 2012. Getty
    The Duchess of Cambridge and Queen Elizabeth watch a children's sporting event in 2012. Getty
  • Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip at Buckingham Palace. Getty
    Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip at Buckingham Palace. Getty
  • Barack Obama, US president at the time, and his wife Michelle meet the queen in London in 2011. Getty
    Barack Obama, US president at the time, and his wife Michelle meet the queen in London in 2011. Getty
  • Prince William and the Duchess of Cambridge mark their wedding from the balcony of Buckingham Palace alongside the queen and Prince Philip. Getty
    Prince William and the Duchess of Cambridge mark their wedding from the balcony of Buckingham Palace alongside the queen and Prince Philip. Getty
  • The monarch opens the Sainsbury Laboratory for Plant Sciences at the University of Cambridge in 2011. Getty
    The monarch opens the Sainsbury Laboratory for Plant Sciences at the University of Cambridge in 2011. Getty
  • Queen Elizabeth with Prince Charles and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, at Windsor Castle after their wedding in 2005. Getty
    Queen Elizabeth with Prince Charles and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, at Windsor Castle after their wedding in 2005. Getty
  • Queen Elizabeth, Prince William and Prince Harry attend the Trooping the Colour parade in 2003. Getty
    Queen Elizabeth, Prince William and Prince Harry attend the Trooping the Colour parade in 2003. Getty
  • Queen Elizabeth at an event to celebrate her mother's 101st birthday in 2001. Getty
    Queen Elizabeth at an event to celebrate her mother's 101st birthday in 2001. Getty
  • The queen and Prince Philip view tributes to Princess Diana at Buckingham Palace after her funeral in 1997. Getty
    The queen and Prince Philip view tributes to Princess Diana at Buckingham Palace after her funeral in 1997. Getty
  • Queen Elizabeth with Nelson Mandela at a banquet in Cape Town, South Africa, in 1995. Getty
    Queen Elizabeth with Nelson Mandela at a banquet in Cape Town, South Africa, in 1995. Getty
  • The monarch with Princess Diana in 1987. Getty
    The monarch with Princess Diana in 1987. Getty
  • The queen with Prince William and Prince Harry watch a polo match in Windsor in 1987. Getty
    The queen with Prince William and Prince Harry watch a polo match in Windsor in 1987. Getty
  • Prince Charles is presented with an award by his mother after a polo match in 1984. Getty
    Prince Charles is presented with an award by his mother after a polo match in 1984. Getty
  • Ronald Reagan, US president at the time, and the queen attend a gala dinner at Windsor Castle in 1982. Getty
    Ronald Reagan, US president at the time, and the queen attend a gala dinner at Windsor Castle in 1982. Getty
  • Prince Charles and Princess Diana with the queen on their wedding day in 1981. Getty
    Prince Charles and Princess Diana with the queen on their wedding day in 1981. Getty
  • The queen with Princess Anne, Prince Andrew, Prince Philip, Prince Edward and Prince Charles at Buckingham Palace in 1972. Getty
    The queen with Princess Anne, Prince Andrew, Prince Philip, Prince Edward and Prince Charles at Buckingham Palace in 1972. Getty
  • Queen Elizabeth during a visit to New Zealand in 1970. Getty
    Queen Elizabeth during a visit to New Zealand in 1970. Getty
  • The UAE Founding Father, the late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, with Queen Elizabeth and Princess Anne at Buckingham Palace in 1969. Getty
    The UAE Founding Father, the late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, with Queen Elizabeth and Princess Anne at Buckingham Palace in 1969. Getty
  • Queen Elizabeth presents the World Cup to England captain Bobby Moore in 1966. Getty
    Queen Elizabeth presents the World Cup to England captain Bobby Moore in 1966. Getty
  • Queen Elizabeth at the Tissisal Falls with Emperor Haile Selassie during a visit to Ethiopia in 1965. Getty
    Queen Elizabeth at the Tissisal Falls with Emperor Haile Selassie during a visit to Ethiopia in 1965. Getty
  • Dwight Eisenhower, US president at the time, with the queen, Prince Philip, Princess Anne and Prince Charles at Balmoral Castle in 1959. Getty
    Dwight Eisenhower, US president at the time, with the queen, Prince Philip, Princess Anne and Prince Charles at Balmoral Castle in 1959. Getty
  • Queen Elizabeth at Highclere Castle in 1958. Getty
    Queen Elizabeth at Highclere Castle in 1958. Getty
  • Queen Elizabeth at her coronation ceremony in Westminster Abbey, London, in 1953. Getty
    Queen Elizabeth at her coronation ceremony in Westminster Abbey, London, in 1953. Getty
  • The queen at Buckingham Palace after her coronation ceremony. Getty
    The queen at Buckingham Palace after her coronation ceremony. Getty
  • Queen Elizabeth at Balmoral Castle in 1952. Photo: Bettmann Archive
    Queen Elizabeth at Balmoral Castle in 1952. Photo: Bettmann Archive
  • Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip in 1952. Getty
    Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip in 1952. Getty
  • Princess Elizabeth with Prince Philip at the Royal Horse Show at Windsor in 1949. Getty
    Princess Elizabeth with Prince Philip at the Royal Horse Show at Windsor in 1949. Getty
  • Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip on their wedding day in 1947. Getty
    Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip on their wedding day in 1947. Getty
  • Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip at Buckingham Palace after their wedding. Getty
    Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip at Buckingham Palace after their wedding. Getty
  • Princess Elizabeth repairs a vehicle during the Second World War. Getty
    Princess Elizabeth repairs a vehicle during the Second World War. Getty
  • Princess Elizabeth as Prince Florziel during a Christmas production of 'Cinderella' at Windsor Castle in 1941. Getty
    Princess Elizabeth as Prince Florziel during a Christmas production of 'Cinderella' at Windsor Castle in 1941. Getty
  • Princess Elizabeth and Princess Margaret play with their pet chameleon at Windsor Castle in 1941. Getty
    Princess Elizabeth and Princess Margaret play with their pet chameleon at Windsor Castle in 1941. Getty
  • Princess Elizabeth makes her first broadcast, alongside Princess Margaret, in 1940. Getty
    Princess Elizabeth makes her first broadcast, alongside Princess Margaret, in 1940. Getty
  • Princess Elizabeth at her childhood home in London in 1936. Getty
    Princess Elizabeth at her childhood home in London in 1936. Getty
  • Princess Elizabeth with her grandfather King George V and grandmother Queen Mary of Teck in 1935. Getty
    Princess Elizabeth with her grandfather King George V and grandmother Queen Mary of Teck in 1935. Getty
  • Princess Elizabeth, Princess Margaret and their mother Queen Elizabeth cross a railway bridge near the Scottish town of Forfar in 1933. Getty
    Princess Elizabeth, Princess Margaret and their mother Queen Elizabeth cross a railway bridge near the Scottish town of Forfar in 1933. Getty
  • Princess Elizabeth watches a pipe band play in the grounds of Glamis Castle near Forfar in 1929. Getty
    Princess Elizabeth watches a pipe band play in the grounds of Glamis Castle near Forfar in 1929. Getty

Pre-coronation

Born in 1926 to the Duke and Duchess of York, Elizabeth was never meant to be become monarch. At the age of 12, she was suddenly thrust into the line of succession after her uncle, Edward VIII, abdicated in 1938.

Her father, Albert, became King George VI but died from a coronary thrombosis in 1952 at the age of 56. Elizabeth was in Kenya with her husband Philip, whom she married in 1947, when he died.

She reportedly put his premature death down to the pressures of being monarch during a tumultuous period in history, in which Britain was drawn into the Second World War.

Known for her love of horses and dogs, the queen has been described as a “country woman at heart” by her former press secretary Dickie Arbiter.

Family

The queen had four children: Charles (born 1948), Anne (born 1950), Andrew (born 1960) and Edward (born 1964). She had eight grandchildren, including Prince William (born 1982) and Prince Harry (born 1984), and 12 great-grandchildren.

As Prince Charles’s firstborn son, Prince William, also known as the Duke of Cambridge, is second in line to the throne. Prince William and Catherine, the Duchess of Cambridge, have three children. Their eldest son, Prince George (born 2013) is third in the line of succession.

Before George was born, the leaders of the 16 Commonwealth countries, where the queen is head of state, reversed a 300-year primogeniture law making female descendants equal in the line of succession.

  • The most recent official portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, at Windsor Castle, was for her platinum jubilee. The image is part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition, on view at Windsor Castle until September 26. Photo: Ranald Mackechnie
    The most recent official portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, at Windsor Castle, was for her platinum jubilee. The image is part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition, on view at Windsor Castle until September 26. Photo: Ranald Mackechnie
  • This portrait, issued by the Royal Collection Trust, was taken by photographer Dorothy Wilding in 1952, and is featured in the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Accession exhibition, on view at Buckingham Palace until October 2. Photo: Royal Collection Trust
    This portrait, issued by the Royal Collection Trust, was taken by photographer Dorothy Wilding in 1952, and is featured in the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Accession exhibition, on view at Buckingham Palace until October 2. Photo: Royal Collection Trust
  • This portrait of Queen Elizabeth by British artist Lucian Freud was finished in 2001 and caused an outcry. The image is a part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. Reuters
    This portrait of Queen Elizabeth by British artist Lucian Freud was finished in 2001 and caused an outcry. The image is a part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. Reuters
  • The monarch was featured in Andy Warhol's 'Reigning Queens' series of portraits created in 1985. The pop art print, although not officially commissioned, was later brought into the Royal Collection. The image is a part of Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. Photo: Royal Collection Trust
    The monarch was featured in Andy Warhol's 'Reigning Queens' series of portraits created in 1985. The pop art print, although not officially commissioned, was later brought into the Royal Collection. The image is a part of Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. Photo: Royal Collection Trust
  • This image of Queen Elizabeth II on her Coronation Day on June 2, 1953, was taken by royal photographer Cecil Beaton, and remains one of the most famous portraits of the monarch. The image is a part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. Photo: Royal Collection Trust
    This image of Queen Elizabeth II on her Coronation Day on June 2, 1953, was taken by royal photographer Cecil Beaton, and remains one of the most famous portraits of the monarch. The image is a part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. Photo: Royal Collection Trust
  • The portrait of Queen Elizabeth II painted by Pietro Annigoni, was finished in 1956 and commissioned by the Fishmongers Company in the City of London. The image is a part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. PA
    The portrait of Queen Elizabeth II painted by Pietro Annigoni, was finished in 1956 and commissioned by the Fishmongers Company in the City of London. The image is a part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. PA
  • Michael Leonard's portrait of Queen Elizabeth II was painted for her 60th birthday, and commissioned by 'Reader's Digest'. The image is a part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. Photo: Reader's Digest / Shutterstock
    Michael Leonard's portrait of Queen Elizabeth II was painted for her 60th birthday, and commissioned by 'Reader's Digest'. The image is a part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. Photo: Reader's Digest / Shutterstock
  • Nigerian artist Chinwe Chukwuogo-Roy painted this portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, which was commissioned by the Commonwealth to mark her 2002 golden jubilee on March 10, 2002. The image is a part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. Photo: Royal Collection Trust
    Nigerian artist Chinwe Chukwuogo-Roy painted this portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, which was commissioned by the Commonwealth to mark her 2002 golden jubilee on March 10, 2002. The image is a part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. Photo: Royal Collection Trust
  • Artist Chris Levine made headlines with his controversial portrait titled 'Lightness of Being', which shows the queen with her eyes closed. The image is a part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. Photo: Royal Collection Trust
    Artist Chris Levine made headlines with his controversial portrait titled 'Lightness of Being', which shows the queen with her eyes closed. The image is a part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. Photo: Royal Collection Trust
  • The 1963 plaster cast known as the 'Dressed Head' by Arnold Machin, provided the portrait of Queen Elizabeth II to be used on British stamps from 1967. The image is a part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. Getty Images
    The 1963 plaster cast known as the 'Dressed Head' by Arnold Machin, provided the portrait of Queen Elizabeth II to be used on British stamps from 1967. The image is a part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. Getty Images
  • This recent portrait of the monarch titled 'Algorithm Queen', was painted by an ultra-realistic humanoid robot artist called Ai-Da Robot for the platinum jubilee.
    This recent portrait of the monarch titled 'Algorithm Queen', was painted by an ultra-realistic humanoid robot artist called Ai-Da Robot for the platinum jubilee.
  • Ralph Heimans's portrait of Queen Elizabeth II was commissioned to mark her 60 years on the throne and hung in the Chapter House of Westminster Abbey. The image is a part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. Photo: Dean and Chapter of Westminster / AFP
    Ralph Heimans's portrait of Queen Elizabeth II was commissioned to mark her 60 years on the throne and hung in the Chapter House of Westminster Abbey. The image is a part of the Platinum Jubilee: The Queen's Coronation exhibition. Photo: Dean and Chapter of Westminster / AFP

The Commonwealth

As well as being the British head of state, the monarch also serves as head of the Commonwealth. The 54-member organisation is mainly former territories of the British Empire.

In her 1953 Christmas message from Auckland, New Zealand, the recently crowned queen pledged to “give my heart and soul every day of my life” to the Commonwealth. And she certainly did.

During her time as queen, she visited 116 countries, including 52 Commonwealth countries.

One of her most significant international visits was to the Republic of Ireland — not a member of the Commonwealth — in 2011. The state visit was the first by a monarch in 100 years and marked the formal end of strained diplomatic relations between the UK and Ireland after the 1998 Good Friday Agreement.

Visits by British royal family members and in particular the queen are a projection of British soft power, royal commentator Richard Fitzwilliams said.

“The queen’s visits to the Commonwealth, particularly in the 1950s, were very important. Huge amounts of the population would come out to see the monarch,” he said.

“There’s nothing like a royal visit because the British royal family has a particular profile.”

Dedication to duty

Elizabeth ruled over a period of intense change for the UK: the end of the British Empire, the decline of Christianity, the digitalisation of society and, most recently, Brexit. During her 70-year rule, she was served by 15 prime ministers, the first was Sir Winston Churchill and the last Liz Truss.

The British monarch is an apolitical figure, and unlike some members of the royal family, the queen never publicly expressed her opinion on government matters, not giving interviews.

While little is known about her personal feelings, the queen had a deep Christian faith. As monarch, she served as the supreme governor of the Church of England and she was patron of more than 600 charities and organisations.

“The queen was a deeply religious person but she was monarch in an increasingly irreligious age as far as Britain is concerned,” Mr Fitzwilliams said.

“She was above politics. She has been a symbol of national unity and dedication to duty.”

Turbulent times

While republican sentiment in the UK has never reached more than 20 per cent, the queen’s rule has not always been plain sailing. Scandals involving her uncle, the Duke of Windsor, and her sister, Princess Margaret, made headlines through the 1950s and 1960s.

She described the year 1992, when three of her children’s marriages publicly broke down, as an “annus horribilis”. She was criticised in 1998 after the death of her son's former wife Diana for strictly adhering to royal protocol.

In April 2021, she lost her lifelong partner, Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, who died at the age of 99.

Most recently, outrage surrounding her son Prince Andrew’s friendship with sex offender Jeffrey Epstein and the fallout from Prince Harry and his wife Meghan’s exit from the royal family shook the monarchy.

Succession of Prince Charles

While he will not occupy the same space in British people’s hearts as the queen has done, the accession of King Charles will be relatively smooth.

Opinion polling shows he is a popular figure and the nation has warmed significantly to his second wife, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall.

Taking the throne at 73, he will reign for a much shorter period than his mother, who, for most Britons, was the only monarch they had ever known.

David Haye record

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Wins: 28
Wins by KO: 26
Losses: 4

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Updated: September 09, 2022, 6:36 AM