Nato on Wednesday announced record sums being poured into Europe’s militaries as it seeks to persuade Donald Trump that the US's allies are not shirking their responsibilities.
A record 18 of 31 Nato allies will meet the key goal of spending 2 per cent of their economic might on defence this year, the alliance’s Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said, up from six in 2014.
Europe’s 29 Nato members will collectively hit the target by spending $380 billion on their armed forces, he said, amounting to more than 2 per cent of their combined GDP.
The US spent almost $900 billion on defence last year, more than the rest of Nato combined, and the imbalance with European partners has long been one of Mr Trump's prime grievances.
But Mr Trump’s latest comments on the US election campaign trail, suggesting that he would “encourage” Russia to attack delinquent payers if he becomes president again, were regarded as his most alarming yet.
Rebuking Mr Trump without mentioning him by name, Mr Stoltenberg said any hint that Nato’s Article 5 mutual defence pledge no longer holds true weakens the security of its members.
“The whole idea of Nato is that an attack on one ally will trigger a response from the whole alliance. As long as we stand behind that message together we prevent any military attack on any ally,” he said.
“We have done so for decades because our deterrence is credible. Any suggestion that we are not standing up for each other, that we are not going to protect each other, that does undermine the security of all of us.”
President Joe Biden also strongly rejected Mr Trump’s comments, calling them “dumb, shameful, dangerous and un-American”. Like many others, he pointed out that the transatlantic alliance is a two-way street and that Article 5 has only ever been invoked to defend the US, after 9/11.
While Mr Trump likes to take credit for Europe’s increased spending, Mr Stoltenberg said the latest reinforcement was triggered by Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine.
The 2 per cent pledge dates back to Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014, which pushed Nato countries to reverse a long decline in military spending after the end of the Cold War.
Germany revealed on Wednesday it expects to hit 2 per cent for the first time since the early 1990s, after it approved €100 billion ($107.01 billion) of off-the-books spending to upgrade ageing military equipment.
Mr Stoltenberg did not reveal which countries are still behind the target, but said spending had risen an unprecedented 11 per cent in a year in Europe and Canada (in other words, the 30 non-US members of Nato).
“We are making real progress. European allies are spending more. However, some allies still have a way to go,” he said.
Mr Trump’s return to the fray is also affecting Nato’s support for Ukraine, with US aid to help fight off Russia held up in Congress by supporters of the former president.
Defence ministers are meeting in Brussels on Wednesday as Nato holds its largest military exercise since the Cold War, with about 91,000 troops staging months of war games in several countries.
The Steadfast Defender drill is a “clear demonstration of our capabilities” and Nato “will continue to ensure that there is no room for miscalculation” in the Kremlin, Mr Stoltenberg said.
Nato through the years - in pictures
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British Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin signs the North Atlantic Treaty in Washington on April 4, 1949. All photos: Getty -
The North Atlantic Treaty showing the signatures of the foreign secretaries and ambassadors of the original signing nations - Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and the US -
A meeting of the North Atlantic Council deputies in 1951 in London, attended by Gen Dwight D Eisenhower, centre -
Lord Hastings Lionel Ismay, Secretary General of Nato, with the newly adopted Nato emblem in 1952 -
Belgian Foreign Minister Paul-Henri Spaak holds a press conference in Paris after taking over from Hastings Ismay as Nato chief in 1956 -
The opening speech at the Nato summit in Paris in 1957 -
Some of the Nato vessels gathered for Exercise Medflex Invicta in Malta in 1961 -
A McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II fighter-bomber of the Royal Navy is launched from HMS Ark Royal during a Nato exercise in 1972 -
German Nato troops on manoeuvres in 1980 -
Lord Carrington, the new Secretary General of Nato, sits behind his desk in Brussels, Belgium, in 1984 -
A US Air Force F-15E Strike Eagle refuels in the skies over Macedonia in 1999, as it flies missions in support of Nato Operation Allied Force -
Frigates, part of the Nato permanent fleet based in the Mediterranean Sea, enter the port of Piraeus, Greece, in 2003 -
US President George W Bush, US Secretary of Defence Donald Rumsfeld, ambassador R Nicholas Burns and US Secretary of State Colin Powell attend the Nato summit in 2004 in Istanbul, Turkey -
Members of the military attend a commemoration for Nato soldiers during the 2009 summit in Kehl, Germany -
A protester throws a stone during clashes at the Nato summit in 2009 in Strasbourg, France -
A Polish soldier sits in a tank as a Nato flag flies behind during military exercises in Zagan, Poland, in 2015 -
Guests depart after attending the opening ceremony at the 2018 Nato summit in Brussels -
Nato leaders listen to British Prime Minister Boris Johnson while attending the summit in 2019 in Watford, England -
Soldiers from the Royal Welsh Battlegroup take part in manoeuvres during a Nato exercise on the Estonian-Latvian border in 2022 in Voru, Estonia -
Secretary General of Nato Jens Stoltenberg meets troops at the Tapa Army Base in 2022 in Tallinn, Estonia -
Polish soldiers hold a Nato flag in 2022 at a training ground in Orzysz, Poland -
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and Mr Stoltenberg attend a joint press conference in Kyiv, Ukraine, in April 2023
