How 4,000 tonnes of British grit laid the foundations for Abu Dhabi's F1 success story

Elite Formula One drivers from around the world will be gearing up for glory at the 17th annual Abu Dhabi Grand Prix on Yas Island in December.

The now traditional finale to the high-octane racing calendar is a proud UAE success story – but you might be surprised to learn Lewis Hamilton and Lando Norris are not alone in supplying British grit to go with the glitz and glamour.

A key ingredient in the sporting spectacle's road to success is greywacke, a sandstone rock noted for its hardness, which was laid down up to 600 million years ago as the Earth was forming.

The name originates from Germany, where it comprises a significant portion of the northern Harz Mountains.

Deposits are found across northern Europe, especially Britain, where it is used as a building material, in New Zealand’s Southern Alps and in Egypt, where it was once used to carve 3,000-year pharaonic statues.

Paving the way

The answer can be found near the village of Bayson Hill, on the outskirts of the medieval county town of Shrewsbury in England. Under the Shropshire Hills is a large deposit of greywacke rocks, extracted and sold as gritstone by Tarmac, the company which owns the quarry.

Gritstone has been dug up here since the 18th century, but its use has considerably increased since the advent of the car. Mixed with tarmac, it creates a remarkably durable road surface, especially where there is high traffic, such as on motorways. And this is where Abu Dhabi comes in.

Back in January 2007, and in front of an enthusiastic crowd, it was announced that Abu Dhabi would now host a Formula One Grand Prix. The first race would be held at the end of 2009 at a new Yas Marina Circuit. There was only one small hitch ... the race track did not exist.

The story of how a Formula One circuit was built in just over two years is one of the marvels of modern construction and planning. There could have been no delays, for the race was already in the Grand Prix calendar.

Designed by the New York-based Egyptian architect Hani Rashid and Lise Anne Couture of Asymptote Architecture. it featured a hotel that formed a bridge over the race and innovative lighting to ensure the race would finish after dark.

The track was the work of Hermann Tilke, a German engineer and designer responsible for the Bahrain and Shanghai circuits, among many others. And the whole thing was built on an island made of sand.

The stability of the actual track, then, was crucial. And for that they turned to the gold standard of durability: Shropshire greywacke.

An order was placed for 4,000 tonnes of “conglomerate” stone, with small pieces of greywacke unsuitable for building but excellent for other uses such as roads. Each piece was graded in industrial sieves to ensure it was a standard 11mm – about the size of a blueberry.

Once dug up, it was transported first in lorryloads of one-tonne bags and then by sea to Abu Dhabi, where it arrived in January 2009, only 10 months before the inaugural race. Laid down in time, it has now survived 16 races, winning praise from racing drivers for its excellent grip, as has the Bahrain circuit, which uses the same stone.

But when you have lasted 600 million years, what difference does the extra decade and a half make?

Abu Dhabi Grand Prix 2024 - in pictures

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Libya's Gold

UN Panel of Experts found regime secretly sold a fifth of the country's gold reserves.

The panel’s 2017 report followed a trail to West Africa where large sums of cash and gold were hidden by Abdullah Al Senussi, Qaddafi’s former intelligence chief, in 2011.

Cases filled with cash that was said to amount to $560m in 100 dollar notes, that was kept by a group of Libyans in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

A second stash was said to have been held in Accra, Ghana, inside boxes at the local offices of an international human rights organisation based in France.