Iran-backed political groups in Iraq divided over keeping caretaker PM in office

Rivalries among different political factions have delayed government formation for almost a year after Iraq held early national elections

Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi at a meeting with US President Joe Biden in July, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. AP

A rift is widening among Iran-backed political groups in Iraq over how to deal with the Shiite cleric Moqtada Al Sadr's demands before a crucial meeting to solve months of political deadlock over forming a new government.

Mr Al Sadr withdrew his movement from national politics after an increasingly bitter row with the Co-ordination Framework, a coalition of mainly Iran-backed parties which suffered major losses in elections a year ago.

He now wants parliament to be dissolved and has suggested keeping caretaker Prime Minster Mustafa Al Kadhimi and President Barham Salih in office to oversee a second round of early elections.

The row over government formation has led to mass protests and armed clashes. Mr Al Sadr won the most votes in the election, but not enough for an absolute majority.

Almost a year has elapsed and the country has failed to form a new government due to rival factions. Although the Sadrists secured 73 seats in the 329-seat chamber, they have failed to form a majority government with Sunnis and Kurds.

Mr Al Sadr has sought to sideline rivals who have pushed for a consensus government in which they would gain or retain control of ministries.

Frustrated over the failure to turn election gains into government formation, Mr Al Sadr has been sending shock waves through Iraq's political scene since June.

He ordered his followers to resign from parliament and endorsed a weeks-long sit-in and protests inside and outside the parliament to derail Co-ordination Framework efforts to hold a session.

Fears of new civil war

Bloody street battles erupted late last month between Mr Al Sadr’s militias and Tehran-allied groups inside in Baghdad — at one point dragging in regular security forces directly under government control. Serious violence was also reported in the country's south, with political and militia offices attacked by gunfire and a number of people reported killed in clashes.

The nearly 24-hour crisis left at least 30 dead and hundreds wounded, leading to fears Iraq was sliding into a new civil war.

The last national poll was held early following demands by a national protest movement that was met with extreme violence from security forces, leading to the resignation of former prime minister Adil Abdul Mahdi's government.

Analysts say yet another election would further dent public faith in national politics.

Three politicians who requested anonymity told The National on Tuesday that Co-ordination Framework leaders had failed to reach an agreement on Saturday on how to meet Mr Al Sadr’s demands ahead of a meeting with him planned for this month.

The politicians said senior Co-ordination Framework leader Hadi Al Amiri and former prime minister Haider Al Abadi, and a few others, are pushing to replace the coalition's candidate for prime minister, Mohammed Shia Al Sudani, who Mr Al Sadr rejected.

They are suggesting either keeping Mr Al Kadhimi in post as Mr Al Sadr wishes, or to back National Security Adviser Qassim Al Araji, the politicians added.

That suggestion has been strongly rejected by former prime minster Nouri Al Maliki and Qais Al Khazaali, leader of the influential armed group Asaib Ahl Al Haq, they said. Both are seen as Mr Al Sadr's main rivals.

“That camp is looking for solutions to get out while the other one still wants to provoke Al Sadr even if it leads to confrontations again with him,” one politician who attended Saturday's meeting said.

“We saw how stubbornness threw us into a chaos and how blood was shed in the streets,” he added.

“That doesn't mean that this camp supports Al Kadhimi as a person, but it is one of the ways to offer solutions to ease the tension,” another said.

Moqtada Al Sadr announces resignation - in pictures

Smoke billows in the background in the capital Baghdad during an army-imposed nationwide curfew a day after 23 supporters of powerful Shiite leader Moqtada Al Sadr were shot dead during fighting in Baghdad's Green Zone. AFP

Iraqi armoured security vehicles clash with Saraya Al Salam (Peace Brigade), the military wing affiliated with Mr Al Sadr, as fighting between rival Iraqi forces resumed in Baghdad. AFP

An armed member of the Peace Brigade aims a rocket-propelled grenade during clashes with Iraqi security forces in Baghdad's Green Zone. AFP

Armed members of the Peace Brigade during clashes in Baghdad's Green Zone. AFP

A boy walks near the office of Badr Organisation, which was burnt by supporters of Mr Al Sadr in Baghdad. Reuters

Members of Mr Al Sadr's Peace Brigade. Reuters

Mr Al Sadr's fighters fire their weapons. Reuters

Peace Brigade fighters near the Green Zone. Reuters

Ready to fight, a member of the Peace Brigade is laden with ammunition in Baghdad. Reuters

Sadrists gather during clashes with the Iraqi security forces. Reuters

A supporter of Mr Al Sadr carries bullet casings and a spent shotgun shell in the Green Zone. AFP

An Al Sadr supporter waves the Iraqi flag in Baghdad after the powerful Shiite cleric announced his retirement from politics. AFP

Dozens of angry supporters of Mr Al Sadr stormed the Republican Palace, a ceremonial building in the fortified Green Zone. AFP

Supporters of Mr Al Sadr help injured protesters during clashes with riot police in Baghdad. EPA

The Iraqi army has announced a Baghdad-wide curfew. AFP

Supporters of Mr Al Sadr assist protesters injured during clashes with security forces near the prime minister's office in Baghdad. EPA

An injured supporter of Mr Al Sadr is given water during a protest in the Green Zone in Baghdad. Reuters

Supporters of Mr Al Sadr gather in the Green Zone. AFP

Iraqi police try to block the entrance to the Green Zone. AFP

Supporters of Mr Al Sadr wave an Iraqi flag from the roof of the government palace during a demonstration in Baghdad. AP

Mr Al Sadr's supporters swim amid a protest at the Republican Palace in the Green Zone in Baghdad. Reuters

Mr Al Sadr's supporters make their feelings known through gestures inside the palace. Reuters

Dozens of angry supporters of Mr Al Sadr gather inside the palace in the capital Baghdad's Green Zone shortly after he said he was quitting politics. AFP

Supporters of the powerful cleric stormed the Republican Palace, a ceremonial building in the fortified Green Zone, a security source said. AFP

Clashes occurred between the protesters and security troops inside the palace. AFP

Iraqi security forces try to prevent protesters from entering the Federal Court during a demonstration in Baghdad. AP

Since the end of July, Mr Al Sadr's followers have encamped around parliament, blocking access to critical government buildings. AP

Supporters of Mr Al Sadr try to remove concrete barriers in the Green Zone area of Baghdad. AP

Iraqi security forces called for calm after the protesters entered the Green Zone. AP

Iraqi security forces announced a nationwide curfew starting at 3.30pm local time following the protests. AP

In a statement issued on Monday, Mr Al Abadi’s Nasr Alliance defended his efforts to end the stalemate.

“Regardless of the name of candidate to the prime minister post, Al Abadi’s initiatives always stress on considering the correct path to solve the crisis and the most important thing is that all political parties must agree on a road map to end the political deadlock,” the statement said.

It called for a “constitutional and political settlement to pave the way for early elections in order to restore the legitimacy of the political process.”

On Monday, the spokesman of Asaib Ahl Al Haq's Sadiqoon bloc in parliament, Mahmoud Al Rubaie, wrote on Twitter: “No, no, no for the renewal” to Mr Al Kadhimi.

Before heading to New York to take part in the high-level debate of the 77th session of the UN General Assembly, Mr Al Kadhimi touted his government achievements in “establishing the best relations with our neighbours and the international community”.

“We have boosted co-operation and partnership with everyone which will reflect positively on the interests of our people at all levels,” he said in a statement late on Monday.

He described the political stalemate as a “critical,” but that the doors for a solution were wide open, with “calm and sincere dialogue” needed that puts “the interest of Iraq and its people above all.”

October's early election was the fifth parliamentary vote for a full-term government since the US-led invasion in 2003 that toppled Saddam Hussein.

The continuing crisis is the longest the country has experienced since then, jeopardising stability and raising the possibility of civil war flaring up in a nation still recovering from decades of conflict.