The politics behind inauguration outfits: What Jill Biden, Kamala Harris and more signified with their fashion choices

As Joe Biden is sworn in as the 46th President of the United States, we take a closer look at the clothes worn by the event's protagonists

President Joe Biden and Jill Biden arrive at his inauguration in Washington. Getty

Joe Biden has been sworn in as the 46th president of the US.

For the ceremony, Biden wore a dark blue Ralph Lauren suit custom made by the American fashion house. Teamed with a matching coat and pale blue tie, it was a look that was designed to speak of measured calm and stability. In choosing such a high-profile American fashion brand, Biden also underscored his message of unity.

Over the course of his long political career, Biden has come to understand the quiet power of a discreet single-breasted suit in either black or classic blue. He has traditionally opted for a classic-cut jacket that flatters but does not distract, worn either with a crisp white shirt and a muted, plain tie, open-necked or even sans jacket and with rolled sleeves for those man-of-the-people moments.

A look at President Joe Biden's style evolution over the years:

A young Joseph Biden, wearing a casual short-sleeved shirt, pictured in 1967. Twitter

Joseph Biden, in stripes and polka dots, checks in at the office of the Secretary of the Senate on December 13, 1972. Getty Images

Joseph Biden, in a three-piece suit, addresses Drexel University alumni in Pennsylvania, US, on October 30, 1974. Getty Images

William French Smith and Joseph Biden, in classic tailoring, share a joke on October 23, 1981. Getty Images

Joseph Biden, in patriotic navy, white and red, announces his intention to run for the Democratic Party's nominations for president of the United States, in Washington DC, on June 9, 1987. Getty Images

Joe Biden, in a slick tux, pictured at an event on July 14, 1987. Getty Images

Joe Biden, in a green tie, talks with reporters outside the NBC TV studios in Washington, DC on March 18, 1990. Getty Images

Joe Biden, in lighter hued tailoring, poses for a portrait in June 1991 in Washington, DC. Getty Images

Joe Biden, in a classic '90s tie, in Washington DC, in 1997. Getty Images

Carol Moseley-Braun, then-ambassador designate to New Zealand, is greeted at her confirmation hearing by Joseph Biden, in checked suiting, on Capitol Hill on November 5, 1999. Getty Images

Joseph Biden, in shades of blue, gives a speech at a Harlem Boys & Girls Club in New York City, US, on December 4, 2000. Getty Images

Joseph Biden, in a bold tie, appears on NBC's 'Meet the Press' on January 7, 2001 in Washington, DC. Getty Images

Joseph Biden, left, in a casual shirt and aviators, receives a briefing at the border village of Panmunjom, South Korea, on August 11, 2001. Getty Images

Joseph Biden, in tweed, meets a female student at Ariana High School in Kabul, Afghanistan, on January 12, 2002. Getty Images

Joseph Biden, in a relaxed polo shirt, is greeted by Iraq's then-interim Prime Minister Ayad Allawi while visiting the capital on June 19, 2004 in Baghdad, Iraq. Getty Images

Joseph Biden, in a protective vest, speaks with American and Iraqi officials during a visit to Ramadi, Iraq, on September 6, 2007. Getty Images

Joseph Biden, in navy suiting, walks with former Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif on February 18, 2008 during a visit to Lahore, Pakistan. Getty Images

Joseph Biden, in vibrant stripes, smiles during a meeting with Iraq's then-president Jalal Talabani on January 12, 2009 in Baghdad, Iraq. Getty Images

Joseph Biden, in suave navy, leaves the Bayerischer Hof hotel during the second day of the Munich conference on security policy on February 7, 2009 in Munich, Germany. Getty Images

Joe Biden, in a stone suit, poses with soldiers for a photo at Camp Victory on July 4, 2009 near Baghdad, Iraq. Getty Images

Joe Biden, in a winter jacket, shares a joke with a volunteer at Whistler Olympic Park Ski Jumping Stadium on February 13, 2010 in Whistler, Canada. Getty Images

Joe Biden, in charcoal suiting, and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas shake hands prior to their meeting at the Presidential compound on March 10, 2010 in Ramallah, West Bank. Getty Images

Joe Biden, in an open-necked shirt, speaks during a campaign rally at Cleveland State University in Ohio, US, on October 31, 2010. EPA

Joseph Biden, in a striped tie, and Naomi Biden at a local restaurant on August 18, 2011 in Beijing, China. Getty Images

Joe Biden, in his signature all-blue tailoring, and German Chancellor Angela Merkel speak to the media prior to talks at the Chancellery on February 1, 2013 in Berlin, Germany. Getty Images

Joe Biden, in aviators, waves as he walks out of Air Force Two on December 4, 2013 in Beijing, China. Getty Images

Joe Biden, in a cap and leather bomber jacket, visits the Demilitarised Zone on December 7, 2013 in Panmunjom, South Korea. Getty Images

Joe Biden, wearing a splash of lilac, delivers a speech at the 51st Munich Security Conference on February 7, 2015 in Munich, Germany. Getty Images

Joe Biden, in midnight blue, visits the Melbourne Cricket Ground on July 17, 2016 in Melbourne, Australia. Getty Images

Joe Biden, in a red patterned tie, delivers an address in Sydney, Australia, on July 20, 2016. EPA

Joe Biden experiences a traditional Maori welcome at Government House on July 21, 2016 in Auckland, New Zealand. Getty Images

Joe Biden, in pinstripes, speaks about the Cancer Moonshot initiative in Davos, Switzerland, on January 16, 2017. EPA

Joe Biden goes blazer-less as he serves food at Dulan's on Crenshaw restaurant prior to a fundraiser in Los Angeles, California, on July 18, 2019. EPA

Joe Biden, ditching the tie, greets supporters at a campaign event in New Hampshire, US, on February 4, 2020. EPA

Joe Biden, in bold stripes, speaks at the McIntyre-Shaheen 100 Club Event in New Hampshire, US, on February 8, 2020. EPA

Joe Biden, in his seemingly favourite colour of suit, and his wife, Jill Biden, attend at his election night event at the Chase Centre in Delaware, US, on November 3, 2020. EPA

Like his former running mate Barack Obama, Biden’s style is simple and elegant. To celebrate Biden's inauguration, his former boss took to social media to post an image of the pair taken during his tenure in the White House. Wearing near identical dark suits, they exude an air of control and command.

Former president Donald Trump, by contrast, left the White House for the last time earlier today wearing one of his trademark boxy suits. Breaking with tradition by boycotting Biden's swearing-in ceremony, Trump boarded Air Force One for the last time in a dark suit and one of his preferred red ties, once again worn too long (a trick Trump apparently thinks makes him look slimmer).

During his time at the White House, despite advocating a “Make America Great Again” policy, Trump preferred to wear suits by the Italian house Brioni.

President Biden and first lady Jill Biden attended a ceremony on January 19 at the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool. Dr Biden wore a dress and coat designed by emerging American name Jonathan Cohen. Getty

First Lady Jill Biden

The new first lady of the US chose to wear an all-blue look from American label Markarian, headed by Alexandra O'Neill, for the inauguration ceremony.

A sketch of Dr Jill Biden's Inauguration Ceremony look, by emerging US brand Markarian. Courtesy Markarian New York

By opting for the blue tweed coat with velvet cuffs, paired with a pearl- and Swarovski crystal-encrusted dress and matching silk face mask by the little-known US label, the new first lady is following in the footsteps of former first lady Michelle Obama, by using her position to champion emerging American talent. Founded in 2017, Markarian lists Priyanka Chopra, Lizzo and Kate Hudson among its clients.

In a similar vein, at a ceremony at the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool the night before the inauguration, the first lady wore a purple dress and coat that tied at the side with a velvet ribbon by emerging American designer Jonathan Cohen, who is heavily focused on upcycling and sustainability.

See what past first ladies have worn on inauguration day:

For the 1961 inauguration of President Kennedy, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy commissioned a coat and dress from Hollywood designer Oleg Cassini. She teamed it with a Halston hat and long gloves. Seen here being greeted by outgoing President Eisenhower at the White House in Washington, D.C., on inauguration day, Jan. 20, 1961. (AP Photo)

President Carter's wife, Rosalyn caused a furore at his inauguration in 1977, when rather than champion American designers, she re-wore a look from six years before. Seen here with President Jimmy Carter, walking in the Presidential Parade, 21 January 1977. AFP

When her husband Ronald Reagan was sworn in as President in 1981, Nancy Reagan brought her immaculate style to the White House. For the Inauguration Ball, Nancy wore a one shouldered, beaded sheath gown by American designer James Galanos. Seen at President Reagan's swearing in ceremony January 20, 1981. AFP

President George Bush's wife, Barbara, was better known for her no-nonsense mindset, than for her fashion choices. Determinedly down to earth, her one concession was a rich blue Inaugural Ball gown by Canadian designer Arnold Scaasi. Seen here at the Lincoln Memorial, ahead of her husbands swearing in, January 18, 1989. AFP

Hillary Clinton wore pink for her husband's second inauguration as US President. Seen here on 20 January 1997. AFP

For the second swearing in of her husband President Bush, First Lady Laura Bush wore an elegant beaded, white cashmere coat by Oscar de la Renta. Naturally conservative in her dress sense, it was a far cry from the bright red dress she wore to the Inaugural Ball in 2001. Designed by Texan Michael Faircloth, it is rumoured he had to talk her into wearing it. Seen here in 2005, for the signing in of husband's second term of office. AFP

President Barack Obama wore a tuxedo by US label Hart Schaffner Marx, for his first Inauguration Ball, while his wife Michelle wore a yellow lace coat by Cuban/American designer Isabel Toledo for the daytime swearing-in ceremony, in 2009. Seen here at the 'We Are One" concert, as part of the presidential celebrations, January 18, 2009. AFP

First Lady Melania Trump wore US brand Ralph Lauren for her husband's swearing in, in a style that alluded to the style of Jackie Kennedy. President Donald Trump, meanwhile often wore boxy Italian Brioni suits, worn open . Seen here at the Inauguration ceremony, January 20, 2017. AP

For Biden’s victory speech after winning the election in November 2020, Jill Biden cannily wore Oscar de la Renta in a nod to history and the decades that the brand has spent dressing other first ladies, including Michelle Obama, Jackie Kennedy, Hillary Clinton and Nancy Reagan.

Dr Biden has already had time to adjust to life in the spotlight, having spent eight years as the wife of the vice president. During that time, she perfected a polished look that veered from bold prints and bright colours to simple tailoring.

For the inauguration of her husband in 2017, Melania Trump selected a baby blue cashmere ensemble by Ralph Lauren. Slim cut with a mock turtleneck and cropped jacket, it came with matching shoes, gloves and bag, and was a clear nod to the look chosen by Jackie Kennedy for the 1961 inauguration of her husband.

Michelle Obama, meanwhile, championed American designers during her time at the White House. Starting with Jason Wu for the 2009 Inaugural Ball, through Naeem Khan, J Crew and even Target, Obama came full circle, wearing Jason Wu again for her departure.

Vice President Harris

Wearing a tailored look by black American design duo Rogers and Hudson, Kamala Harris is sworn in as US vice president as her husband Doug Emhoff holds a Bible. Reuters

Kamala Harris has become the first woman and the first person of colour to hold the office of vice president of the US. For the ceremony, Harris wore a look by emerging black designers Christopher John Rogers and Sergio Hudson, which included a minimalist purple dress and matching coat.

The pair are already earning a reputation for their use of dramatic shapes and vivid colour and and have dressed former first lady Michelle Obama and singer Beyonce.

Harris also wore a string of pearls by Puerto Rican jeweller Wilfredo Rosado, continuing a tradition of wearing pearls for all key events. In her honour, a Facebook group was set up inviting women of all ages to don pearls to mark the inauguration as a symbol of female empowerment.

Harris also favours a fuss-free approach to dressing. She has a firm understanding of how good tailoring can elevate a look, and to celebrate her electoral win in November 2020, she wore an all-white trouser suit by Carolina Herrera that was seen as a nod to the suffragettes. The new vice president also frequently teams skinny-fit jeans and her treasured Converse shoes with a tailored jacket.

Lady Gaga

Singer Lady Gaga wore custom Schiaparelli to the Inauguration on January 20, 2021. With a fitted navy jacket, and huge red skirt, she also wore a large peace dove as a golden brooch. AFP

The singer performed the national anthem at the swearing-in ceremony in Schiaparelli Haute Couture by Daniel Roseberry, with a slim-fit navy jacket, and voluminous full-length red skirt. Custom made for the event, Gaga wore the patriotically hued outfit with an oversized gold brooch of a dove carrying an olive branch, the symbol for peace.

"May we all make peace with each other," the singer wrote on Twitter, emphasising the accessory's message.

Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi

Speaker Nancy Pelosi opted to wear all blue for the ceremony. Blue is the colour associated with calm and stability. EPA

During the Trump administration, Pelosi became well known for using her outfits to send a message to the president, such as wearing the exact same outfit for both of his impeachment hearings, echoing the feeling of history repeating itself. To welcome in President Biden, however, the Speaker of the House opted for a classic blue coat, worn with a patterned face mask. Significantly, blue represents loyalty, sincerity, wisdom and stability, and is the designated colour of the Democratic Party.

Former first lady Michelle Obama

Michelle Obama wore head to toe burgundy, by emerging black designer Sergio Hudson. EPA

Staying true to her commitment to bring new designers to the fore, the former first lady donned head-to-toe burgundy by Sergio Hudson, one half of the emerging duo that dressed Vice President Harris. Bucking the trend of wearing a dress or skirt, Obama instead went for belted, wide-cut bootleg trousers and turtleneck sweater, under a tailored coat, to help stave off the cold.

Clearly a favourite brand, Obama has worn Hudson designs frequently, including a purple trouser suit she donned for her Becoming book tour.

Jennifer Lopez

Singer Jennifer Lopez wore suffragette white by Chanel to perform at the inauguration. AFP

For her performance, the singer wore head-to-toe Chanel. With a high-neck blouse, sequinned trousers and ankle-length tweed coat, as well as matching gloves and hat, the singer clearly nodded to the all-white ensembles worn by suffragettes when campaigning for voting equality.

Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton

Hillary Clinton wore purple Ralph Lauren for the inauguration in Washington. Getty

The former first lady arrived at the inauguration wearing a deep-purple trouser suit by American label Ralph Lauren, echoing the looks worn by Vice President Harris and Michelle Obama. As a mix of red and blue, the choice was clearly no accident, but rather the blending of the two political parties, and therefore a symbol of unity.