Teachers in England have announced two more strike dates after rejecting the government's latest pay offer.
In total, 98 per cent of National Education Union members voted to turn down the deal, the UK's largest education union said.
Teachers will walkout on Thursday, April 27 and Tuesday, May 2.
However, exam classes will not be interrupted.
The move is a major blow to Rishi Sunak’s government, which had offered a one-time, £1,000 payment to teachers for the 2022-2023 tax year, as well as a 4.3 per cent rise next year.
The NEU said the "insulting" offer was not fully funded and around half of schools would need to make further cuts to cover the pay rises.
"This resounding rejection of the government's offer should leave (education minister) Gillian Keegan in no doubt that she will need to come back to the negotiating table with a much better proposal," NEU joint General Secretaries Mary Bousted and Kevin Courtney said in a statement.
"The offer shows an astounding lack of judgement and understanding of the desperate situation in the education system."
Dr Bousted told the BBC Radio 4 Today programme on Monday: "This is a profession which of all the professions having disputes with the government has lost in comparative terms the most pay since 2010."
She said the offer does "virtually nothing" to "start to re-correct" the "long decline" in teachers pay in real terms and claimed the government is using the "tactics of the bully boy" by saying it will remove the offer if it is rejected.
She added: "These strikes... are an indication of the despair that teachers feel about the lack of understanding and the inability to listen to what they are saying on the part of the government.
"Teachers are just now completely fed up of the government saying 'we won't talk to you unless'. That is not the job of a responsible government."
Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer urged teaching unions and the government to get around the negotiating table following reports that teachers have voted to reject the latest pay offer.
Sir Keir told LBC: "I am disappointed because I want to see this resolved. Obviously it is back around the negotiating table now but I would urge both sides to compromise and to come to an agreement as quickly as possible."
The Labour leader added: "Obviously I support their right to take industrial action, it is very important I say that.
"But I will be clear, I don't want to see industrial action and that is why I want the Government around the table resolving this. It is possible to resolve these disputes, and the sooner the Government gets on with that the better."
Meanwhile, teachers in Wales have ended their strike action after voting to accept a pay offer comprising an additional 3 per cent pay award for 2022/23 alongside a 1.5 per cent one-off payment, and a government-funded 5 per cent rise for the following year.
Scotland's largest teaching union has also accepted a pay deal to end long-running strikes, which it said would amount to a 14.6 per cent increase in pay for most teachers by January 2024.
Generation Start-up: Awok company profile
Started: 2013
Founder: Ulugbek Yuldashev
Sector: e-commerce
Size: 600 plus
Stage: still in talks with VCs
Principal Investors: self-financed by founder
Ten tax points to be aware of in 2026
1. Domestic VAT refund amendments: request your refund within five years
If a business does not apply for the refund on time, they lose their credit.
2. E-invoicing in the UAE
Businesses should continue preparing for the implementation of e-invoicing in the UAE, with 2026 a preparation and transition period ahead of phased mandatory adoption.
3. More tax audits
Tax authorities are increasingly using data already available across multiple filings to identify audit risks.
4. More beneficial VAT and excise tax penalty regime
Tax disputes are expected to become more frequent and more structured, with clearer administrative objection and appeal processes. The UAE has adopted a new penalty regime for VAT and excise disputes, which now mirrors the penalty regime for corporate tax.
5. Greater emphasis on statutory audit
There is a greater need for the accuracy of financial statements. The International Financial Reporting Standards standards need to be strictly adhered to and, as a result, the quality of the audits will need to increase.
6. Further transfer pricing enforcement
Transfer pricing enforcement, which refers to the practice of establishing prices for internal transactions between related entities, is expected to broaden in scope. The UAE will shortly open the possibility to negotiate advance pricing agreements, or essentially rulings for transfer pricing purposes.
7. Limited time periods for audits
Recent amendments also introduce a default five-year limitation period for tax audits and assessments, subject to specific statutory exceptions. While the standard audit and assessment period is five years, this may be extended to up to 15 years in cases involving fraud or tax evasion.
8. Pillar 2 implementation
Many multinational groups will begin to feel the practical effect of the Domestic Minimum Top-Up Tax (DMTT), the UAE's implementation of the OECD’s global minimum tax under Pillar 2. While the rules apply for financial years starting on or after January 1, 2025, it is 2026 that marks the transition to an operational phase.
9. Reduced compliance obligations for imported goods and services
Businesses that apply the reverse-charge mechanism for VAT purposes in the UAE may benefit from reduced compliance obligations.
10. Substance and CbC reporting focus
Tax authorities are expected to continue strengthening the enforcement of economic substance and Country-by-Country (CbC) reporting frameworks. In the UAE, these regimes are increasingly being used as risk-assessment tools, providing tax authorities with a comprehensive view of multinational groups’ global footprints and enabling them to assess whether profits are aligned with real economic activity.
Contributed by Thomas Vanhee and Hend Rashwan, Aurifer
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