As so often through the decades of her long reign, it was her quiet dignity and obvious sincerity that captured the nation’s mood and its attention when the queen gave her coronavirus broadcast on the BBC in April 2020.
Sympathising with her subjects about the physical and emotional cost of the pandemic, she referenced her first broadcast, made in 1940 with her younger sister Princess Margaret, to the evacuated children of Britain about the pain of separation caused by war.
As one of the dwindling number of people who heard the familiar strains of We’ll Meet Again, sung for the first time by Vera Lynn in 1939, the words with which she ended her speech had added poignancy. The certainty and delicate emphasis as she said “we will meet again”, gave hope and heart to many.
12 portraits of Queen Elizabeth II - in pictures
No one doubted her girlish voice either when she said in 1947 in a speech to the Commonwealth on her 21st birthday, and still Princess Elizabeth: “I declare before you all that my whole life, whether it be long or short, shall be devoted to your service and the service of our great imperial family to which we all belong.”
The queen’s old-fashioned values were such that no one ever had to doubt her. Shakespeare’s “My word is my bond” might have been written during the time of her namesake and fellow queen, Elizabeth I, but it is all the better applied to Elizabeth II.
She was such an institution that it’s easy to forget she wasn’t supposed to have become queen at all. Born in 1926, she was the daughter of King George V’s second son, and had little expectation of succeeding to the throne until her uncle, King Edward VIII, abdicated in 1936 to marry the divorced American socialite Wallis Simpson.
United Kingdom: country in mourning as Queen Elizabeth dies - in pictures
After the death of her father, King George VI, the 25-year-old Princess Elizabeth was called upon to assume the throne in 1952, beginning a reign that has spanned the better part of a century.
Her life encompassed the Second World War, the Independence of India from Britain and the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, the Cold War, the first Moon landing in 1969, the Falklands War in 1982, the demolition of the Berlin wall in 1989, the handover of Hong Kong to China in 1997 and, more recently, the 21st-century paroxysms of Brexit.
In terms of her own remarkable achievements, only five years after her wedding to Prince Philip, her coronation ceremony in 1953, also held in Westminster Abbey, was the first to be broadcast live on television.
Flags lowered to mark the passing of Queen Elizabeth II - in pictures
About 27 million people in the UK watched it, and 11 million more listened on the radio. In 1977, on June 7, the queen with Prince Philip by her side, rode in the Gold State Coach from Buckingham Palace to St Paul’s Cathedral to celebrate her 25th year on the throne.
There, she repeated that long-ago pledge to devote her life to service, saying that: “Although that vow was made in my salad days when I was green in judgment, I do not regret nor retract one word of it.”
In 2002, she celebrated 50 years on the throne. This was followed by her diamond, sapphire and platinum jubilee celebrations in 2012, 2017 and this year. She is the country’s longest-serving monarch.
Although she was a constitutional monarch who remains politically neutral, the queen retained the ability to give a regular audience to a prime minister during his or her term of office at which she has a right and a duty to express her views on government matters.
In total, the queen saw 15 prime ministers during her reign, including Boris Johnson, whose resignation she accepted on Tuesday before performing the simple constitutional duty known as the “kissing of hands” with the new incumbent, Liz Truss, at Balmoral, her Aberdeenshire estate, rather than at Buckingham Palace or Windsor Castle.
Sir Winston Churchill, the wartime prime minister, lost the 1945 general election but returned to Downing Street in 1951, so when she became queen in 1952, the 77-year-old statesman was her first prime minister and, some believe, her favourite. They enjoyed their weekly meetings, and these lengthened from 30 minutes to two hours.
Margaret Thatcher’s relationship with the queen has always fascinated biographers. The Grantham grammar-school girl was the queen’s eighth prime minister, and by far the most unusual.
All her previous premiers had been men, and they had fallen into two loose groups. First, there were the upper-class, old-fashioned Tories, such as Sir Winston and Sir Anthony Eden, her first two prime ministers. Then there were the Labour men, Harold Wilson and James Callaghan, socialists in theory, but deeply patriotic, even socially conservative in practice.
There were certainly tensions between the two women. Since her accession in 1952, the queen had always been devoted to the principle of national unity. Yet within two years of Mrs Thatcher’s arrival, Britain seemed more divided than ever. A devastating recession threw at least three million people out of work.
On July 20, 1986, The Sunday Times ran a front-page story claiming that the queen privately felt Mrs Thatcher’s approach to be “uncaring, confrontational and socially divisive”. The source was the palace press secretary, Michael Shea, but the queen herself was mortified.
She rang Mrs Thatcher immediately to apologise, and the relationship survived. When Baroness Thatcher died in April 2013, the queen took the unusual step of attending the ceremonial funeral, a personal decision and an indication of the queen’s respect for her first, and at the time her only, female prime minister.
Tony Blair was described in some palace quarters as a “head of state-in-waiting”, and there were courtiers who were not enamoured by what they saw as his encouragement of a “people’s monarchy”.
Gordon Brown was reported to have had a good but formal relationship with her majesty. David Cameron was caught on camera telling Michael Bloomberg, the mayor of New York at the time, that the queen had “purred down the line” when he telephoned and told her the result of the Scottish independence referendum. He was forced to apologise for this breach of etiquette.
Theresa May was the second female prime minister of the queen’s reign, taking up her post in July 2016 in the wake of the Brexit vote more than a quarter of a century after Mrs Thatcher stood down. It was reported at the time that the queen was sad to see Mrs May step down.
It was a huge credit to the queen that she managed relationships with this disparate group of people, from all walks of life and different political backgrounds, on a weekly basis. Furthermore, she has hosted 152 state visits, and met 13 out of 14 US presidents. Her travels have taken her to 110 countries across six continents. She is probably the most travelled monarch in the world.
When she became queen in 1952, she also became the head of Commonwealth realms — a group of sovereign territories and protectorates that consider the queen to be their head of state. As of 2021, there are 15 states that fall under the Commonwealth realm, including Jamaica, Grenada, Australia, the Bahamas and Canada. These 15 countries are also members of the Commonwealth of Nations of which the queen served as the head.
During her reign, the queen visited every country in the Commonwealth — with the exception of Cameroon, which joined in 1995 and Rwanda, which joined in 2009 — and made many repeat visits. In fact, one third of her total overseas visits were to Commonwealth countries.
In a decision made by Prince Philip, the queen agreed to the making of a documentary about her young family in 1969. Just as the television filming of her coronation was innovative, so too was this public broadcast revealing some private royal moments with footage including the queen, the Duke of Edinburgh and their children enjoying a barbecue at their Scottish home at Balmoral. Prince Charles is seen water-skiing, while a young Prince Edward asks his mother for an ice cream.
The film was criticised by some for trivialising the royal family and The Times later reported that “the queen regretted giving the BBC behind-the-scenes access for the 1969 film and requested it never be broadcast again”.
It has not all been plain sailing for her majesty. Although they married in 1981 to huge fanfare, the marriage of the Prince of Wales and Princess Diana deteriorated and in 1992 they announced their decision to separate.
Prince Andrew, her second son, and his wife, Sarah Ferguson, also separated, while Princess Anne divorced her husband, Mark Phillips. Later that year, a fire broke out in Windsor Castle, destroying more than 100 rooms.
In a speech delivered to mark the 40th anniversary of her succession, Queen Elizabeth remarked that 1992 “has turned out to be an ‘Annus Horribilis’”.
Public criticism of the royal family grew after Prince Charles and Princess Diana’s divorce in 1996 and especially after Princess Diana’s death in a car crash in Paris the following summer. The queen initially remained at her estate in Balmoral to comfort and shield her grandsons and refused to allow the flag to fly at half-staff over Buckingham Palace, by convention lowered only for those of royal birth.
At the urging of advisers, she revised her stance on the flag, returned to London to greet crowds of mourners and delivered a rare televised address to a nation grieving after the death of her daughter-in-law.
The celebration of her 50th year on the throne was marred by a personal double loss, when her beloved younger sister, Princess Margaret, and their mother, the Queen Mother, died within weeks of each other in 2002.
Nonetheless, the first British monarch since Queen Victoria to celebrate a golden jubilee, and stalwart as ever, she travelled more than 64,000 kilometres that year, including visits to the Caribbean, Australia, New Zealand and Canada. She also visited 70 cities and towns in 50 counties in the UK.
Compared with the tumultuous 1990s, the start of Queen Elizabeth’s second half century on the throne was characterised by warm relations between the nation and its royal family, and in 2005 most of the British public supported Prince Charles’s wedding to Mrs Camilla Parker-Bowles.
The happy marriage of her eldest grandson Prince William to Kate Middleton took place in April 2011 and the births of their three children ― the queen’s first great grandchildren ― followed promptly, first Prince George, then Princess Charlotte and Prince Louis.
As third in the line of succession after his grandfather and his father, Prince George is widely expected to become king one day. His birth marked the first time since Queen Victoria’s reign that three generations of direct heirs to the British throne were alive at the same time.
In May 2011, the queen and Prince Philip visited the Republic of Ireland at the invitation of President Mary McAleese. Although she had frequently visited Northern Ireland over the course of her reign, this was her first to the Republic of Ireland, and the first by a British monarch in 100 years.
The visit, during which she expressed her “sincere thoughts and deep sympathy” for the victims of the troubled Anglo-Irish past, was widely celebrated as the beginning of a new era of friendship.
Perhaps no other event during Queen Elizabeth’s reign symbolised the modernising monarchy more than the wedding of Prince Harry to Meghan Markle, a divorced, mixed-race American actress. Although the queen reportedly gave her quick approval to the match, the relationship between the couple and the British media, as well as other members of the royal family, grew increasingly tense after the marriage.
In 2020, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex announced they were stepping back from their role as senior royals and moved to southern California with their son, Archie, born in 2019, and where their daughter, named Lilibet after the queen's childhood nickname, was born last year.
As head of their own family and throughout everything, Prince Philip was always beside the queen, or as he once jokingly complained, “two steps behind” his wife, marking the order of precedence. He was never officially prince consort; at the coronation, he swore to be her “liegeman of life and limb”.
He died in April 2021 and, because of Covid-19 measures, the queen was obliged to sit isolated at his funeral in St George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle. The queen may have pledged to serve her subjects be her life “long or short”, but Prince Philip served her throughout their long 70-year marriage.
After a period of mourning, she resumed her duties ― true to her original pledge ― and although illness reduced her outings of late, when seen in public, she displayed her usual smiling demeanour.
Queen Elizabeth II was a source of continuity and stability, not just for Britain, but for all those nations and peoples under her aegis. To paraphrase the British national anthem only slightly, she has “long reigned over us, happy and glorious”.
Our legal columnist
Name: Yousef Al Bahar
Advocate at Al Bahar & Associate Advocates and Legal Consultants, established in 1994
Education: Mr Al Bahar was born in 1979 and graduated in 2008 from the Judicial Institute. He took after his father, who was one of the first Emirati lawyers
A timeline of the Historical Dictionary of the Arabic Language
- 2018: Formal work begins
- November 2021: First 17 volumes launched
- November 2022: Additional 19 volumes released
- October 2023: Another 31 volumes released
- November 2024: All 127 volumes completed
FIXTURES
December 28
Stan Wawrinka v Pablo Carreno Busta, 5pm
Milos Raonic v Dominic Thiem, no earlier then 7pm
December 29 - semi-finals
Rafael Nadal v Stan Wawrinka / Pablo Carreno Busta, 5pm
Novak Djokovic v Milos Raonic / Dominic Thiem, no earlier then 7pm
December 30
3rd/4th place play-off, 5pm
Final, 7pm
Who's who in Yemen conflict
Houthis: Iran-backed rebels who occupy Sanaa and run unrecognised government
Yemeni government: Exiled government in Aden led by eight-member Presidential Leadership Council
Southern Transitional Council: Faction in Yemeni government that seeks autonomy for the south
Habrish 'rebels': Tribal-backed forces feuding with STC over control of oil in government territory
The specs
Engine: 3.5-litre V6
Power: 272hp at 6,400rpm
Torque: 331Nm from 5,000rpm
Transmission: 8-speed auto
Fuel consumption: 9.7L/100km
On sale: now
Price: Dh149,000
INDIA SQUAD
Rohit Sharma (captain), Shikhar Dhawan (vice-captain), KL Rahul, Suresh Raina, Manish Pandey, Dinesh Karthik (wicketkeeper), Deepak Hooda, Washington Sundar, Yuzvendra Chahal, Axar Patel, Vijay Shankar, Shardul Thakur, Jaydev Unadkat, Mohammad Siraj and Rishabh Pant (wicketkeeper)
Gulf Under 19s final
Dubai College A 50-12 Dubai College B
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John Heminway, Knopff
MATCH INFO
Tottenham Hotspur 3 (Son 1', Kane 8' & 16') West Ham United 3 (Balbuena 82', Sanchez og 85', Lanzini 90' 4)
Man of the match Harry Kane
Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.
Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.
“Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.
“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.
Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.
From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.
Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.
BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.
Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.
Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.
“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.
“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.
“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”
The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”
Our family matters legal consultant
Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais
Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.
Three ways to boost your credit score
Marwan Lutfi says the core fundamentals that drive better payment behaviour and can improve your credit score are:
1. Make sure you make your payments on time;
2. Limit the number of products you borrow on: the more loans and credit cards you have, the more it will affect your credit score;
3. Don't max out all your debts: how much you maximise those credit facilities will have an impact. If you have five credit cards and utilise 90 per cent of that credit, it will negatively affect your score.
Ads on social media can 'normalise' drugs
A UK report on youth social media habits commissioned by advocacy group Volteface found a quarter of young people were exposed to illegal drug dealers on social media.
The poll of 2,006 people aged 16-24 assessed their exposure to drug dealers online in a nationally representative survey.
Of those admitting to seeing drugs for sale online, 56 per cent saw them advertised on Snapchat, 55 per cent on Instagram and 47 per cent on Facebook.
Cannabis was the drug most pushed by online dealers, with 63 per cent of survey respondents claiming to have seen adverts on social media for the drug, followed by cocaine (26 per cent) and MDMA/ecstasy, with 24 per cent of people.
Sustainable Development Goals
1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and foster innovation
10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its effects
14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalise the global partnership for sustainable development
Mia Man’s tips for fermentation
- Start with a simple recipe such as yogurt or sauerkraut
- Keep your hands and kitchen tools clean. Sanitize knives, cutting boards, tongs and storage jars with boiling water before you start.
- Mold is bad: the colour pink is a sign of mold. If yogurt turns pink as it ferments, you need to discard it and start again. For kraut, if you remove the top leaves and see any sign of mold, you should discard the batch.
- Always use clean, closed, airtight lids and containers such as mason jars when fermenting yogurt and kraut. Keep the lid closed to prevent insects and contaminants from getting in.
Tottenham's 10 biggest transfers (according to transfermarkt.com):
1). Moussa Sissokho - Newcastle United - £30 million (Dh143m): Flop
2). Roberto Soldado - Valencia - £25m: Flop
3). Erik Lamela - Roma - £25m: Jury still out
4). Son Heung-min - Bayer Leverkusen - £25m: Success
5). Darren Bent - Charlton Athletic - £21m: Flop
6). Vincent Janssen - AZ Alkmaar - £18m: Flop
7). David Bentley - Blackburn Rovers - £18m: Flop
8). Luka Modric - Dynamo Zagreb - £17m: Success
9). Paulinho - Corinthians - £16m: Flop
10). Mousa Dembele - Fulham - £16m: Success
All you need to know about Formula E in Saudi Arabia
What The Saudia Ad Diriyah E-Prix
When Saturday
Where Diriyah in Saudi Arabia
What time Qualifying takes place from 11.50am UAE time through until the Super Pole session, which is due to end at 12.55pm. The race, which will last for 45 minutes, starts at 4.05pm.
Who is competing There are 22 drivers, from 11 teams, on the grid, with each vehicle run solely on electronic power.
Blackpink World Tour [Born Pink] In Cinemas
Starring: Rose, Jisoo, Jennie, Lisa
Directors: Min Geun, Oh Yoon-Dong
Rating: 3/5
Sole survivors
- Cecelia Crocker was on board Northwest Airlines Flight 255 in 1987 when it crashed in Detroit, killing 154 people, including her parents and brother. The plane had hit a light pole on take off
- George Lamson Jr, from Minnesota, was on a Galaxy Airlines flight that crashed in Reno in 1985, killing 68 people. His entire seat was launched out of the plane
- Bahia Bakari, then 12, survived when a Yemenia Airways flight crashed near the Comoros in 2009, killing 152. She was found clinging to wreckage after floating in the ocean for 13 hours.
- Jim Polehinke was the co-pilot and sole survivor of a 2006 Comair flight that crashed in Lexington, Kentucky, killing 49.
The specs
Engine: Long-range single or dual motor with 200kW or 400kW battery
Transmission: Single-speed automatic
Max touring range: 620km / 590km
Price: From Dh250,000 (estimated)
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The story of Edge
Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, established Edge in 2019.
It brought together 25 state-owned and independent companies specialising in weapons systems, cyber protection and electronic warfare.
Edge has an annual revenue of $5 billion and employs more than 12,000 people.
Some of the companies include Nimr, a maker of armoured vehicles, Caracal, which manufactures guns and ammunitions company, Lahab
Why are you, you?
Why are you, you?
From this question, a new beginning.
From this question, a new destiny.
For you are a world, and a meeting of worlds.
Our dream is to unite that which has been
separated by history.
To return the many to the one.
A great story unites us all,
beyond colour and creed and gender.
The lightning flash of art
And the music of the heart.
We reflect all cultures, all ways.
We are a twenty first century wonder.
Universal ideals, visions of art and truth.
Now is the turning point of cultures and hopes.
Come with questions, leave with visions.
We are the link between the past and the future.
Here, through art, new possibilities are born. And
new answers are given wings.
Why are you, you?
Because we are mirrors of each other.
Because together we create new worlds.
Together we are more powerful than we know.
We connect, we inspire, we multiply illuminations
with the unique light of art.
Ben Okri,