US President Donald Trump and Russia's President Vladimir Putin in November 2017. AP
US President Donald Trump and Russia's President Vladimir Putin in November 2017. AP
US President Donald Trump and Russia's President Vladimir Putin in November 2017. AP
US President Donald Trump and Russia's President Vladimir Putin in November 2017. AP

Mueller report: How Russia infiltrated US voters in the 2016 presidential election


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Special counsel Robert Mueller's report was long-portrayed in Washington as political.

A witch-hunt, a hoax, a vendetta against Donald Trump, according to the president and his supporters.

What a close reading of Mr Mueller's findings makes clear is that it was nothing of the sort.

It was Russia who years ago targeted Mr Trump, not the former director of the FBI whose inquiries have captivated us for more than two years.

And Russia's information warfare succeeded, helping put Mr Trump in the White House.

The report's best legacy would be to compel US authorities to develop systems more capable of stopping a foreign power wielding such influence on American voters again.

Mr Mueller's mandate was to investigate how this happened and he has done so. But with the focus still on Mr Trump it appears far from clear that such an infiltration campaign could not happen again.

US President Donald Trump and Russia's President Vladimir Putin in November 2017. AP
US President Donald Trump and Russia's President Vladimir Putin in November 2017. AP

US agencies seem no better prepared now to repel the activities that Vladimir Putin's government and intelligence services deployed ahead of the 2016 race.

The US president has shaped the discourse since. During the investigation he repeatedly condemned Mr Mueller and his team. Post-publication, such noise has again given cover for Mr Putin.

But the Mueller report is forensic and chilling in documenting the lengths that Russia went to.

Not only had Moscow “perceived it would benefit from a Trump presidency,” it “worked to secure that outcome”.

While the investigation did not establish that members of the Trump campaign were part of a criminal conspiracy, it lays out the many contacts it had with Russian individuals and how members of Mr Trump's inner circle attempted to gain access to anything that damaged Hillary Clinton's electoral chances.

It is here that Mr Trump has been sucked in. Having believed Mr Mueller's appointment spelled the end of his presidency, the US president chose to frustrate the inquiry, undermining it in public and asking subordinates in private to write letters and take actions that would insulate him from it. But Russia's work had already been done.

Disinformation and email hacking operations were the primary weapons. Russia's electronic warfare methods were utilised “in sweeping and systematic fashion”, Mr Mueller said.

The innocuously-named Internet Research Agency, based in St Petersburg, sent operatives to the US as far back as June 2014, with at least two female agents, Anna Bogacheva and Aleksandra Krylova, lying on their visa applications about their reasons for entering the country.

Once on US soil they began researching how to gain a foothold over the American mind, with Facebook, YouTube and Twitter their primary pathway. They later added specialists who operated Tumblr and Instagram accounts.

Some of the most heavily redacted sections of the Mueller report concern these activities.

The details have been blacked-out under headings of “Harm to Ongoing Matter” or “Grand Jury”. That suggests crimes already committed by Russian agents or other actors or similar matters not yet disclosed are under investigation ahead of the 2020 presidential election.

Bogacheva and Krylova were the vanguard of the 2016 effort. They led an operation that created social media accounts that pretended to be US citizens, then added social media groups or public pages that falsely claimed to be affiliated with American activists, political groups or grassroots organisations.

They posed as anti-immigration groups, Tea Party supporters and Black Lives Matter advocates.

Collectively, the disinformation effort reached tens of millions of Americans.

The IRA ramped up its activities in 2016, publishing material that supported the Trump campaign and denigrated that of Mrs Clinton.

To attract even larger audiences the IRA began purchasing Facebook advertisements on April 19, 2016, promoting their false social media accounts on the homepages of US users.

According to Facebook, 35,000 advertisements were purchased, at a cost of $100,000.

The names of some of the Facebook groups used - “Being Patriotic”, “Stop All Invaders” and “Secured Borders” - resonate strongly with the Trump campaign's election rhetoric, and attracted hundreds of thousands of users.

“The IRA used many of these accounts to attempt to influence US audiences in the election. US media also quoted tweets from IRA-controlled accounts and attributed them to the reactions of real US persons,” says the Mueller report. It was all designed to push voters in Mr Trump's direction.

At the same time, Russia was pulling other levers.

WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. AP
WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. AP

Officers from the GRU military intelligence agencies used a spearfishing hack of the Clinton campaign to secure access to hundreds of email accounts.

The messages and documents of campaign chair John Podesta were accessed and eventually disseminated by WikiLeaks.

The file transfer linkages discussed in the Mueller report starting on p.45 conclusively contradict Julian Assange's claim at the time that the GRU was not the source of the Podesta material. It was. One of the biggest disclosures was made on October 7, just five hours after Mr Trump appealed to Russia to find what he called Mrs Clinton's missing 30,000 emails.

It came after the biggest threat to the Trump campaign, the Access Hollywood tape in which he made notorious remarks that denigrated women.

The GRU also tried to enter the email accounts, servers and technology of electoral officers, polling companies and the companies who provided voting machines.

In one hack, 120 email accounts were targeted in Florida, an always closely-fought state which was won by Mr Trump.

Months earlier, though it was not known at the time, a Russian lawyer had managed to persuade Donald Trump Jr, the president's son, Jared Kushner, his son-in-law, and Paul Manafort, the Trump campaign chairman into a meeting, after promising to reveal “dirt” on Mrs Clinton.

They assembled on June 9, 2016 at Trump Tower in New York. The promised information did not materialise but it showed how malleable those working for the candidate were, and how open they were to outside help, even if it came from a foreign power in contravention of US election law.

Donald Trump Jr. AP
Donald Trump Jr. AP

“The Russian attorney who spoke at the meeting, Natalia Veselnitskaya, had previously worked for the Russian government and maintained a relationship with that government throughout this period of time,” says p.110 of Mr Mueller's report.

Three other Russians had attended the meeting also, which Mr Kushner called a “waste of time”, but only because nothing seen as helpful to the Trump campaign was forthcoming.

It was in the fallout of this meeting that Mr Trump undoubtedly became involved, probably sensing the danger of anyone drawing a link between Russia and his campaign.

The report says the president was concerned because it linked his son to Russia, which was something he had always denied.

He was also alarmed that it undermined the legitimacy of his election win.

Those reasons might explain why Mr Trump intervened and edited the statement his son made about the Trump Tower meeting, removing the reference between Russia and his campaign. Like his father, Donald Trump Jr was never interviewed by Mr Mueller.

At the time of the Trump Tower meeting, it was campaign chair Mr Manafort who appeared to have the strongest links to Russia. Since convicted for tax evasion, fraud and electoral campaign law offences, he is considered the former Trump aide most likely to sometime be pardoned by the president.

Mr Mueller's report lays out how before and after the Trump Tower meeting Mr Manafort provided Konstantin Kilimnik, a former employee and known Russian intelligence asset, polling data from the Trump campaign. US investigators believe that information made its way to Russian officials.

Mr Manafort, a long-time associate of Roger Stone, another prominent political consultant who remains under investigation for possible crimes committed in the campaign, violated a deal he initially struck with the Mueller team to cooperate.

Having instead subsequently chosen to frustrate the probe by tampering with witnesses and also by feeding confidential information about the special counsel's lines of inquiry to other implicated parties, it is perhaps not a surprise that he does not attract a sympathetic portrayal in Mr Mueller's final report.

Mr Manafort is quoted as telling associates before the election that he had no intention of being part of a Trump administration as he would rather “monetise” his connections to the president by trading on his access to the White House.

The many redacted sections around Mr Manafort's name, WikiLeaks and Mr Assange will add to speculation that Mr Stone's ties to all three and, possibly, Russia over the hacked emails of Mrs Clinton, could produce further indictments from US prosecutors.

Mr Mueller decided not to bring charges but his conclusion that Russia weaponised its “information warfare” to swing the election toward Mr Trump is not in doubt.

“The campaign evolved from a generalised programme designed in 2014 and 2015 to undermine the US electoral system, to a targeted operation that by early 2016 favoured candidate Trump and disparaged candidate Clinton."

UAE squad

Ali Kashief, Salem Rashid, Khalifa Al Hammadi, Khalfan Mubarak, Ali Mabkhout, Omar Abdelrahman, Mohammed Al Attas (Al Jazira), Mohmmed Al Shamsi, Hamdan Al Kamali, Mohammad Barghash, Khalil Al Hammadi (Al Wahda), Khalid Eisa, Mohammed Shakir, Ahmed Barman, Bandar Al Ahbabi (Al Ain), Adel Al Hosani, Al Hassan Saleh, Majid Suroor (Sharjah), Waleed Abbas, Ismail Al Hammadi, Ahmed Khalil (Shabab Al Ahli Dubai) Habib Fardan, Tariq Ahmed, Mohammed Al Akbari (Al Nasr), Ali Saleh, Ali Salmeen (Al Wasl), Hassan Al Mahrami (Baniyas)

MATCH INFO

Syria v Australia
2018 World Cup qualifying: Asia fourth round play-off first leg
Venue: Hang Jebat Stadium (Malacca, Malayisa)
Kick-off: Thursday, 4.30pm (UAE)
Watch: beIN Sports HD

* Second leg in Australia scheduled for October 10

Results

5pm: Handicap (PA) Dh80,000 (Turf) 1,600m; Winner: Nadhra, Fabrice Veron (jockey), Eric Lemartinel (trainer)

5.30pm: Maiden (PA) Dh80,000 (T) 1,400m; Winner: AF Dars, Tadhg O’Shea, Ernst Oertel

6pm: Handicap (PA) Dh80,000 (T) 1,400m; Winner: AF Musannef, Tadhg O’Shea, Ernst Oertel

6.30pm: Handicap (PA) Dh80,000 (T) 1,200m; Winner: AF Taghzel, Malin Holmberg, Ernst Oertel

7pm: Wathba Stallions Cup Handicap (PA) Dh70,000 (T) 2,200m; Winner: M’Y Yaromoon, Khalifa Al Neyadi, Jesus Rosales

7.30pm: Handicap (TB) Dh100,000 (PA) 1,400m; Winner: Hakeem, Jim Crowley, Ali Rashid Al Raihe

QUALIFYING RESULTS

1. Max Verstappen, Netherlands, Red Bull Racing Honda, 1 minute, 35.246 seconds.
2. Valtteri Bottas, Finland, Mercedes, 1:35.271.
3. Lewis Hamilton, Great Britain, Mercedes, 1:35.332.
4. Lando Norris, Great Britain, McLaren Renault, 1:35.497.
5. Alexander Albon, Thailand, Red Bull Racing Honda, 1:35.571.
6. Carlos Sainz Jr, Spain, McLaren Renault, 1:35.815.
7. Daniil Kvyat, Russia, Scuderia Toro Rosso Honda, 1:35.963.
8. Lance Stroll, Canada, Racing Point BWT Mercedes, 1:36.046.
9. Charles Leclerc, Monaco, Ferrari, 1:36.065.
10. Pierre Gasly, France, Scuderia Toro Rosso Honda, 1:36.242.

Eliminated after second session

11. Esteban Ocon, France, Renault, 1:36.359.
12. Daniel Ricciardo, Australia, Renault, 1:36.406.
13. Sebastian Vettel, Germany, Ferrari, 1:36.631.
14. Antonio Giovinazzi, Italy, Alfa Romeo Racing Ferrari, 1:38.248.

Eliminated after first session

15. Antonio Giovinazzi, Italy, Alfa Romeo Racing Ferrari, 1:37.075.
16. Kimi Raikkonen, Finland, Alfa Romeo Racing Ferrari, 1:37.555.
17. Kevin Magnussen, Denmark, Haas Ferrari, 1:37.863.
18. George Russell, Great Britain, Williams Mercedes, 1:38.045.
19. Pietro Fittipaldi, Brazil, Haas Ferrari, 1:38.173.
20. Nicholas Latifi, Canada, Williams Mercedes, 1:38.443.

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

THE SPECS

GMC Sierra Denali 1500

Engine: 6.2-litre V8

Transmission: 10-speed automatic

Power: 420hp

Torque: 623Nm

Price: Dh232,500

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%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EDirectors%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Amit%20Joshi%20and%20Aradhana%20Sah%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ECast%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Shahid%20Kapoor%2C%20Kriti%20Sanon%2C%20Dharmendra%2C%20Dimple%20Kapadia%2C%20Rakesh%20Bedi%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ERating%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%204%2F5%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
The five new places of worship

Church of South Indian Parish

St Andrew's Church Mussaffah branch

St Andrew's Church Al Ain branch

St John's Baptist Church, Ruwais

Church of the Virgin Mary and St Paul the Apostle, Ruwais

 

RESULTS

2pm: Handicap (PA) Dh40,000 (Dirt) 1,200m
Winner: Najem Al Rwasi, Fabrice Veron (jockey), Ahmed Al Shemaili (trainer)

2.30pm: Handicap (PA) Dh40,000 (D) 2,000m
Winner: Fandim, Fernando Jara, Majed Al Jahouri

3pm: Maiden (PA) Dh40,000 (D) 1,700m
Winner: Harbh, Pat Cosgrave, Ahmed Al Mehairbi

3.30pm: Maiden (PA) Dh40,000 (D) 1,700m
Winner: Wakeel W’Rsan, Richard Mullen, Jaci Wickham

4pm: Crown Prince of Sharjah Cup Prestige (PA) Dh200,000 (D) 1,200m
Winner: Jawaal, Fernando Jara, Majed Al Jahouri

4.30pm: Sheikh Ahmed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Cup (TB) Dh200,000 (D) 2,000m
Winner: Tailor’s Row, Royston Ffrench, Salem bin Ghadayer

Our family matters legal consultant

Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais

Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.

THE SPECS

Jaguar F-Pace SVR

Engine: 5-litre supercharged V8​​​​​​​

Transmission: 8-speed automatic

Power: 542bhp​​​​​​​

Torque: 680Nm​​​​​​​

Price: Dh465,071

THE RESULTS

5pm: Maiden (PA) Dh80,000 1,400m

Winner: Alnawar, Connor Beasley (jockey), Helal Al Alawi (trainer)

5.30pm: Maiden (PA) Dh80,000 1,400m

Winner: Raniah, Noel Garbutt, Ernst Oertel

6pm: Handicap (PA) Dh90,000 2,200m

Winner: Saarookh, Richard Mullen, Ana Mendez

6.30pm: Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan Jewel Crown (PA) Rated Conditions Dh125,000 1,600m

Winner: RB Torch, Tadhg O’Shea, Eric Lemartinel

7pm: Al Wathba Stallions Cup Handicap Dh70,000 1,600m

Winner: MH Wari, Antonio Fresu, Elise Jeane

7.30pm: Handicap Dh90,000 1,600m

Winner: Mailshot, Royston Ffrench, Salem bin Ghadayer

 

Gender pay parity on track in the UAE

The UAE has a good record on gender pay parity, according to Mercer's Total Remuneration Study.

"In some of the lower levels of jobs women tend to be paid more than men, primarily because men are employed in blue collar jobs and women tend to be employed in white collar jobs which pay better," said Ted Raffoul, career products leader, Mena at Mercer. "I am yet to see a company in the UAE – particularly when you are looking at a blue chip multinationals or some of the bigger local companies – that actively discriminates when it comes to gender on pay."

Mr Raffoul said most gender issues are actually due to the cultural class, as the population is dominated by Asian and Arab cultures where men are generally expected to work and earn whereas women are meant to start a family.

"For that reason, we see a different gender gap. There are less women in senior roles because women tend to focus less on this but that’s not due to any companies having a policy penalising women for any reasons – it’s a cultural thing," he said.

As a result, Mr Raffoul said many companies in the UAE are coming up with benefit package programmes to help working mothers and the career development of women in general. 

COMPANY%20PROFILE
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ECompany%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EEducatly%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarted%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E2020%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBased%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EUAE%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFounders%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EMohmmed%20El%20Sonbaty%2C%20Joan%20Manuel%20and%20Abdelrahman%20Ayman%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EIndustry%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EEducation%20technology%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFunding%20size%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E%242%20million%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestors%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EEnterprise%20Ireland%2C%20Egypt%20venture%2C%20Plus%20VC%2C%20HBAN%2C%20Falak%20Startups%3C%2Fp%3E%0A