More queens in store for European royalty as Gen Z rises

The abdication of Denmark's Queen Margrethe leaves Europe without a female monarch, but not for long. A young generation of princesses born in the 21st century will be ascending to thrones across the continent in the coming years.

With Belgium's Princess Elisabeth, born in 2001, Catharina-Amalia of the Netherlands (2003), Ingrid Alexandra of Norway (2004), Leonor of Spain (2005) and Estelle of Sweden (2012), half of the monarchies on the continent are likely to be led by a queen before too long.

Many will be the first to take the throne after changes to succession laws in their countries made it possible for firstborn daughters to become monarchs ahead of their younger brothers.

Previous queens, such as Elizabeth II of Britain, who died in 2022, had no brothers to inherit the throne.

“Sweden was the first country in the world to adopt a gender-neutral order of succession, in 1980, when Princess Victoria bumped her younger brother down and she became crown princess”, Swedish royal expert Roger Lundgren told AFP.

Modern monarchs

Several experts said gender was unlikely to have much of an impact as the future queens embrace their new roles.

“Much of what kings and queens do today, and what they will do in 25 years, is what kings did 200 years ago too – state visits, receiving ambassadors, ceremonial things,” Mr Lundgren said.

He also noted that unlike earlier generations of queens, many of the current princesses have undergone some form of military service in their country.

In December, for example, Spain's Hola! magazine showed Princess Leonor in camouflage taking part in ski drills with her unit in the Pyrenees.

Other princesses have studied in elite schools at home or abroad – both Leonor and Princess Elisabeth of Belgium studied at Atlantic College in Wales – exposing them more to global affairs and concerns, such as feminist causes and the risks of climate change.

“A clearer, firmer footing in the everyday life of the people, in combination with the pomp, castles, jewels and the fairy tale, is the winning concept to keep the monarchy,” said Ebba Kleberg von Sydow, a Swedish influencer and royal expert.

She said future queens were likely to prove more media-savvy as well, if only to show that monarchies remain grounded and relevant in modern society.

Mr Lundgren noted that while Queen Margrethe “doesn't even own a smartphone, and is proud of it”, Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden, Denmark's Crown Prince Frederik and Norway's Crown Prince Haakon have their own WhatsApp group.

“You need to be on more platforms, have your message reach people in a completely different way, now that traditional media channels that previous generations of royals used no longer reach everyone,” Ms von Sydow said.

New challenges

In many ways, Europe's future queens will be wrestling with new iterations of the question that has often confronted their ancestors.

“Each new generation of monarchs has had to face one main challenge, and not the least: the questioning of what is the use of a monarchy,” said Lisa Castro, a royal historian at the University of Toulouse – Jean Jaures in southern France.

In this regard, she said, being tuned in on issues like women's and LGBTQ causes or environmental concerns will be a tool for ensuring the public's backing.

But the next generation appears “the best placed to respond to expectations on these subjects – they understand the needs and the challenges of their time”, Ms Castro said, pointing to the embrace of climate causes by Scandinavian royal families.

“It's inevitable that modern times will have an influence on the institution of the monarchy,” said Spanish journalist Pilar Eyre, noting in particular the polished image management by Britain's Prince William and his wife Catherine.

His brother Prince Harry, meanwhile, has moved to California with his American-born wife, Meghan, previously an actress – the latest of several examples of modern royals tying the knot with commoners.

There is already a precedent for embracing more contemporary causes. Spain's Queen Letizia, who was a journalist when she met her future husband, King Felipe, recently visited an aid association for female prostitutes, “which would have been unheard of for preceding generations”, Ms Eyre said.

And in 2021, Mark Rutte, the Dutch prime minister at the time, said that if she wanted, Princess Catharina-Amalia could marry a woman under the country's same-sex marriage laws and still ascend to the throne.

“It's with these types of gestures that you earn the affection and respect of citizens – not with grand ceremonies and magnificent outfits,” Ms Eyre said.

Islamophobia definition

A widely accepted definition was made by the All Party Parliamentary Group on British Muslims in 2019: “Islamophobia is rooted in racism and is a type of racism that targets expressions of Muslimness or perceived Muslimness.” It further defines it as “inciting hatred or violence against Muslims”.

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Multitasking pays off for money goals

Tackling money goals one at a time cost financial literacy expert Barbara O'Neill at least $1 million.

That's how much Ms O'Neill, a distinguished professor at Rutgers University in the US, figures she lost by starting saving for retirement only after she had created an emergency fund, bought a car with cash and purchased a home.

"I tell students that eventually, 30 years later, I hit the million-dollar mark, but I could've had $2 million," Ms O'Neill says.

Too often, financial experts say, people want to attack their money goals one at a time: "As soon as I pay off my credit card debt, then I'll start saving for a home," or, "As soon as I pay off my student loan debt, then I'll start saving for retirement"."

People do not realise how costly the words "as soon as" can be. Paying off debt is a worthy goal, but it should not come at the expense of other goals, particularly saving for retirement. The sooner money is contributed, the longer it can benefit from compounded returns. Compounded returns are when your investment gains earn their own gains, which can dramatically increase your balances over time.

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