Tigrayan forces fighting Ethiopia’s government deliberately killed civilians and gang-raped dozens of women and girls in two towns in the Amhara region last year, Amnesty International has said.
The human rights watchdog interviewed 30 rape survivors, some as young as 14, and victims of violence to get a sense of the atrocities that have been carried out during the 15-month war in areas including Chenna and Kobo.
In a report published on Wednesday, Amnesty said it spoke to victims in August and September after rebels from the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) seized control of the towns.
About half the victims of sexual violence said they were gang-raped, with doctors telling Amnesty that some survivors had suffered deep wounds and cuts.
A schoolgirl, 14, told the rights group she and her mother were raped by TPLF fighters, who said the attacks were in revenge for abuses committed against their own families.
“One of them raped me in the courtyard and the other raped my mother inside the house,” she said.
“My mother is very sick now, she is very depressed and desperate. We don't speak about what happened. It is impossible.”
The investigation follows the publication of an Amnesty report in November, which documented sexual assaults by Tigrayan rebels in the Amhara town of Nifas Mewcha.
“Evidence is mounting of a pattern of Tigrayan forces committing war crimes and possible crimes against humanity in areas under their control in the Amhara region from July 2021 onwards,” said Sarah Jackson, Amnesty's deputy director for East Africa.
“This includes repeated incidents of widespread rape, summary killings and looting, including from hospitals."
Tigray war over the past year – in pictures
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Captive Ethiopian soldiers arrive at the Mekele Rehabilitation Centre in Tigray, Ethiopia, after a four-day journey from Abdi Eshir. All photos: AFP -
Women welcome Tigray People's Liberation Front fighters as they return to Mekele after seizing control of the city in June 2021. -
Ethiopians who fled the Tigray conflict wait to charge their phones at Um Raquba refugee camp in Gedaref, Sudan. -
A member of the Afar Special Forces stands in front of the debris of a house on the outskirts of the village of Bisober in Tigray. -
People hold candles and Ethiopian flags at a memorial service for the victims of the Tigray conflict in Addis Ababa. -
An Ethiopian refugee who fled fighting in Tigray waits behind a fence in a camp in Sudan. -
Refugees living in a camp in Sudan after fleeing violence in Tigray. -
A woman walks among the remains of a destroyed factory in Ataye, Ethiopia, where more than 100 civilians died in a recent flare-up of violence. -
Two members of the Amhara militia ride in the back of a pick-up truck. Amharas and Tigrayans were uneasy neighbours before the current fighting, with tension over land sparking violent clashes. -
Militias from the Amhara region have been involved in the fighting in Tigray. -
Tens of thousands of Ethiopians gather at a rally organised by the mayor of Addis Ababa to show support for the military's efforts in Tigray. -
Zeleke Alabachew, farmer and militia fighter, tends to his land near the village of Tekeldengy, Ethiopia, Africa's second most populous nation. -
People celebrate the liberation of opposition leaders in the city of Alamata, Ethiopia. -
A family fleeing violence sit in a former classroom at May Weyni secondary school, now hosting 10,500 displaced people, in Mekele, capital of Tigray. -
Ethiopian refugees travel to Sudan to escape violence in Tigray. -
Ethiopian refugees gather to celebrate the 46th anniversary of the Tigray People's Liberation Front at Um Raquba refugee camp in Gedaref, Sudan. The TPLF dominated Ethiopian politics before being ousted from their regional stronghold last year. -
An Ethiopian refugee sets up a tent in a camp in the town of Gedaref, Sudan, after being transported from the border reception centre. -
Pro-Tigrayan demonstrators display placards during a protest in front of the chancellery in Berlin. -
The aftermath of heavy shelling in Wukro, a city north of Mekele, in Ethiopia.
Residents of Kobo said TPLF fighters shot dead unarmed civilians, apparently in a revenge killing spree after facing resistance to their advance by Amhara militias.
“The first dead bodies we saw were by the school fence,” said one man. "There were 20 bodies lying in their underwear and facing the fence, and three more bodies in the school compound. Most were shot at the back of their heads and some in the back.
“Those who were shot at the back of their heads could not be recognised because their faces were partially blown off."
The watchdog said its satellite imagery analysis revealed the existence of the new burial sites referred to by the villagers.
The TPLF did not respond to the latest allegations, Amnesty said. But the rebel group has previously criticised the watchdog over its earlier report on alleged atrocities in Nifas Mewcha, saying it would conduct its own probe and bring perpetrators to justice.
Hundreds raped by soldiers
The war in northern Ethiopia has resulted in many accounts of massacres and mass rapes, with thousands of people killed and hundreds of thousands on the brink of starvation.
Amnesty has previously documented the rape of hundreds of women and girls by Ethiopian and Eritrean soldiers in Tigray.
A joint investigation by UN rights chief Michelle Bachelet's office and the government-affiliated Ethiopian Human Rights Commission published last November found evidence of “serious abuses” by all sides, saying that some violations may amount to crimes against humanity.
