Blunt manners, a willingness to adapt to local surroundings and the love of adventurous, attacking football make Dutch coaches favourites around the world. The qualifying tournament for next year's World Cup has seen five Dutch coaches in action. Two - Australia's Pim Verbeek and Bert van Marwijk back home in Holland - have already helped their teams to secure places in the finals. Guus Hiddink has taken Russia to the European play-offs for a place in South Africa while Erwin Koeman's Hungary and Mart Nooij's Mozambique are coming to accept that they will not make it to the 32-team finals. Several Dutch coaches are training clubs abroad, including Louis van Gaal at Germany's Bayern Munich, Frank Rijkaard at Turkey's Galatasaray and Arie Haan at China's Chongqing.
A Dutch tendency to be outspoken and direct is one of the traits valued by clubs and national teams, according to Alfons van Marrewijk, professor in business anthropology at VU University Amsterdam. "This bluntness is normally almost seen as offensive, but in this context it is perceived as honesty, which is appreciated. It allows a coach to tell a player he is not performing well," Van Marrewijk said. "There is a sensibility to learn the language and adapt quickly to the morals of a country. Then they will introduce a different way of playing."
Hiddink led South Korea to the 2002 World Cup semi-finals. He has been Russia's coach since 2006 and is known as "Tsar Hiddink" in the country, which reached the European Championship semi- finals last year. "We started training hard with some different methods than they were used to. At the start, all the guys were sweating heavily all over but the beginning and end tests showed everyone made tremendous progress in three weeks," Hiddink said last year when Russia were preparing for Euro 2008.
Adapting to local culture is equally important. Verbeek sang Australia's national anthem live on television after they qualified for the 2010 World Cup, while Van Gaal dressed up in Lederhosen to join in Munich's annual Oktoberfest this month. Holland, where football is the No 1 team sport, rose to prominence as a footballing nation in the 1970s, when the team reached the World Cup final against West Germany under the leadership of coach Rinus Michels and captain Johan Cruyff in 1974. They won the European Championship in 1988, again led by Michels.
Currently, the team are third in the Fifa world rankings, behind Brazil and Spain. The football style created by Michels, dubbed "total football", focused on quick moves and the versatility of players' positions on the field, and was epitomised by Cruyff. "Our teams have played in a different way since then - looking for attacks, being creative, trying to dominate the game," said Remy Reynierse, who teaches coaches at the Dutch national football association (KNVB).
The KNVB also promote football internationally, receiving coaches from abroad and giving courses in European and African countries. With a large number of professional coaches and a limited number of clubs at home, many Dutch coaches move abroad, helped by the KNVB's network. Dutch coaches tend to pay little attention to a player's status or reputation, preferring to focus on team participation, according to Reynierse.
"A Dutch coach sits down and asks: 'What do you think we should do?' That's something players are not used to abroad. We want to make everyone involved." Of course, not every Dutch coach succeeds abroad. Leo Beenhakker helped Trinidad & Tobago become the smallest country to qualify for a World Cup in 2002, but last month he was sacked by Poland after the country failed to qualify for the World Cup, while Kazakhstan fired Arno Pijpers last year.
Belgium, however, turned to Dutchman Dick Advocaat after failing to qualify for South Africa, asking him to start his role three months early to begin preparations for the 2012 European Championship. The status and success of Dutch players and coaches abroad, from Cruyff to Rijkaard, from Dennis Bergkamp to Hiddink, continues to convince foreign teams to hire Dutch talent, Van Marrewijk said. "The orange team has a very big name. Abroad, you can always start a conversation about Cruyff. Dutch soccer is well known; it's like a brand which sells itself and the trainers."
* Reuters