The number of Lebanese people abroad registered to vote in Lebanon’s elections has tripled since 2018, the last time the country went to the polls.
The sharp rise has in part been attributed to efforts by civil society groups to encourage the diaspora to vote, said researchers from The Policy Initiatives in collaboration with the Arab Reform Initiative.
More than 240,000 people registered in their country of residence outside of Lebanon. In Asia alone, the figure rose nearly five-fold — from 12,610 in 2018 to 56,610 in 2022. In Europe, the continent where the most registered voters are based, the number increased from 24,113 to 69,140.
The report says “these numbers suggest an increased interest of Lebanese abroad to participate in the electoral process, although whether those voters already resided outside the country or are recent emigrants is unknown”.
Amid a devastating economic crisis, many Lebanese have left the country.
The elections on May 15 also mark the first time Lebanon has gone to the polls since protests engulfed the country in October 2019 and the blast that struck Beirut's port in August 2020, killing more than 200 people and wrecking large parts of the capital.
Many Lebanese say government negligence and corruption was the root cause of the Beirut blast, which occurred after a warehouse storing volatile fertiliser chemicals caught fire.
What remains unclear is the extent to which Lebanese registered to vote abroad will shift their preferences towards opposition groups.
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Ayman Mroueh of the communist party addresses a rally for the South Lebanon 2 list. Those opposing the rally tried to intimidate the opposition candidates, and their supporters, by blocking the road and throwing rocks. All photos: Oliver Marsden for The National -
Ali Khalifeh, the Shiite opposition candidate for Al Zahrani in southern Lebanon, stands in the restaurant hall in Sarafand where the opposition rally was hosted. -
Supporters of the opposition candidates in the restaurant hall in Sarafand. -
A young man shows the cuts to his arm after he was pushed over and beaten as he arrived at the opposition rally. Local residents had gathered to intimidate those arriving for the rally. -
Opposition candidates for South Lebanon 2; Muhammad Ayoub, Ali Khalifeh and Ayman Mroue, are joined by Siba Mroueh, the media representative for the Zahrani coalition. -
Raghed, 26, left, and Fadia, 23, outside the restaurant in Sarafand. Fadia had her phone taken and thrown away by men trying to intimidate those attending the opposition rally. -
Ali Khalifeh, Shiite opposition candidate for Al-Zahrani in Southern Lebanon, greets supporters in the restaurant hall. -
Two supporters wait for an opposition rally for South Lebanon District 2 to begin in a restaurant hall in Sarafand. Local men and women gathered to intimidate those arriving for the rally by blocking the road, throwing stones, beating supporters and even firing a gun in the air. Leader of the Shia Amal party, Nabih Berri, is an MP in the same district. -
An opposition supporter shows a soldier an injured young man who was beaten on his arrival at the South Lebanon District 2 opposition rally. -
A woman films the rally in Sarafand. -
Supporters listen to the candidates.
"While one would expect a shift in voting behaviour in this upcoming election given the disastrous situation in the country, the scale of this change is unknown — particularly as political dynamics amongst Lebanese diaspora communities are badly understood and new anti-establishment parties have not campaigned extensively amongst diaspora groups," the report said. The demographic of those registered abroad remains unknown — for example, if they are first time voters or if they have left Lebanon since the last election.
Diaspora votes went to the “traditional” parties in 2018, with only 6 per cent backing those on opposition lists. Those voting from overseas were, however, much more likely to support the Christian-led Lebanese Forces and Free Patriotic Movement parties compared to Hezbollah and the Future Movement.
“This may be partially due to a difference in the demographics and sectarian affiliation of out-of-country voters compared to Lebanese voting inside the country,” the report said.
“It is also clear that politically speaking, the behaviour of the Lebanese diaspora varies greatly from country to country, which is due in large part to the different contexts of the waves of emigration as well as the sectarian composition of a particular diaspora."
Voters in Australia, Canada, France, the UAE and the US largely support the LF and FPM. In contrast, Shiite-led groups Amal and Hezbollah received most of the votes in Germany as well as in African countries, while the Sunni-led Future Movement performed best in Saudi Arabia.
“In no cases did anti-establishment lists come close to ranking first,” the report said.
But while those who registered abroad only represent 6 per cent of eligible voters, they could still play an important role.
“The diaspora can also be a key 'influencer' on the voting behaviour of many who are in Lebanon. Given the spiralling economic crisis, diaspora members are increasingly a key lifeline for their families in Lebanon — in some cases, the only lifeline. These diaspora members can mobilise and convince family members to go out and vote," the report said.
