Egypt regularly stages military exercises. Its boats are pictured here at the Berenice Military Base. Photo: Egyptian Ministry of Presidential Affairs
Egypt regularly stages military exercises. Its boats are pictured here at the Berenice Military Base. Photo: Egyptian Ministry of Presidential Affairs
Egypt regularly stages military exercises. Its boats are pictured here at the Berenice Military Base. Photo: Egyptian Ministry of Presidential Affairs
Egypt regularly stages military exercises. Its boats are pictured here at the Berenice Military Base. Photo: Egyptian Ministry of Presidential Affairs

Commandos from Egypt, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Greece and Cyprus taking part in joint war games


Hamza Hendawi
  • English
  • Arabic

Commando units from Egypt, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Greece and Cyprus are taking part in war games at an Egyptian military base near the Mediterranean coast, a spokesman for the Egyptian military has said.

Col Gharib Abdel Hafez said the war drills were taking place at Mohammed Naguib’s military base north-west of Cairo and in the northern military region, an area west of the Mediterranean city of Alexandria, after a ceremony opened proceedings on Sunday.

Writing on his Facebook page, he said observers from the US, Jordan, Bahrain and the Democratic Republic of the Congo were attending the exercises.

The drills, code-named Hercules-2, “are a continuation of developing and reinforcing Egypt’s military ties with friendly and brotherly nations for the sake of entrenching the foundations of military co-operation”, Col Abdel Hafez said.

“They aim to exchange expertise regarding the use of technologically advanced weapons and hardware.”

Under President Abdel Fattah El Sisi, Egypt has made joint war games involving the militaries of Arab and western nations a cornerstone of plans to modernise and upgrade its armed forces.

Egypt’s multibillion-dollar weapons procurement

The focus on war games comes after Egypt’s multibillion-dollar procurement in recent years of cutting-edge weapons from manufacturers in Russia, France, Italy and Germany to bolster the capabilities of the Egyptian army.

Since the late 1970s, Egypt has received weapons from the US under a military aid programme currently running at $1.3 billion a year. It has secured US-made fighter jets, tanks, air-to-air missiles, helicopter gunships, warships and artillery.

The frequent participation of Greece and Cyprus in military drills with Egypt underlines the close ties forged between the three nations and their common interest in protecting the natural gasfields of the Eastern Mediterranean.

Together with Israel, Lebanon, France and Italy, they hope to turn the region into a major energy centre, serving as a permanent supplier to western Europe.

The participation of Saudi and UAE units in Hercules-2 is the latest in a series of joint air, sea and land war games in which the two regional powerhouses join forces with ally Egypt.

Hercules-2 will include an arms exhibition and lectures on Cyber security, Col Abdel Hafez said.

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1. Domestic VAT refund amendments: request your refund within five years

If a business does not apply for the refund on time, they lose their credit.

2. E-invoicing in the UAE

Businesses should continue preparing for the implementation of e-invoicing in the UAE, with 2026 a preparation and transition period ahead of phased mandatory adoption. 

3. More tax audits

Tax authorities are increasingly using data already available across multiple filings to identify audit risks. 

4. More beneficial VAT and excise tax penalty regime

Tax disputes are expected to become more frequent and more structured, with clearer administrative objection and appeal processes. The UAE has adopted a new penalty regime for VAT and excise disputes, which now mirrors the penalty regime for corporate tax.

5. Greater emphasis on statutory audit

There is a greater need for the accuracy of financial statements. The International Financial Reporting Standards standards need to be strictly adhered to and, as a result, the quality of the audits will need to increase.

6. Further transfer pricing enforcement

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7. Limited time periods for audits

Recent amendments also introduce a default five-year limitation period for tax audits and assessments, subject to specific statutory exceptions. While the standard audit and assessment period is five years, this may be extended to up to 15 years in cases involving fraud or tax evasion. 

8. Pillar 2 implementation 

Many multinational groups will begin to feel the practical effect of the Domestic Minimum Top-Up Tax (DMTT), the UAE's implementation of the OECD’s global minimum tax under Pillar 2. While the rules apply for financial years starting on or after January 1, 2025, it is 2026 that marks the transition to an operational phase.

9. Reduced compliance obligations for imported goods and services

Businesses that apply the reverse-charge mechanism for VAT purposes in the UAE may benefit from reduced compliance obligations. 

10. Substance and CbC reporting focus

Tax authorities are expected to continue strengthening the enforcement of economic substance and Country-by-Country (CbC) reporting frameworks. In the UAE, these regimes are increasingly being used as risk-assessment tools, providing tax authorities with a comprehensive view of multinational groups’ global footprints and enabling them to assess whether profits are aligned with real economic activity. 

Contributed by Thomas Vanhee and Hend Rashwan, Aurifer

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Updated: August 22, 2022, 2:48 PM