Island states are angry and suffering over climate change, Toeolesulusulu Cedric Schuster, chairman of the Alliance of Small Island States, said on Friday as he ruled out the prospect of any "backslide" at Cop29.
It came as the summit, held in Azerbaijan's capital Baku, was processing a call that future UN climate talked needed an overhaul. “We are angry,” Mr Schuster, who is also Samoa's Environment Minister, told The National.
“We are here because we are angry. We're suffering … economically, culturally. Progress is slow but that doesn't stop us from trying to find a way forward.”
The call for a revamp of summits came in a letter to the UN from a group that included former UN secretary general Ban Ki-moon, former UN climate chief Christiana Figueres and prominent climate scientist Johan Rockstrom. It acknowledged the achievements of previous talks, but called for changes such as improving the selection process, turning Cops into smaller meetings and improving accountability.
Fears that Argentina could withdraw from the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change process and that the US, under Donald Trump, could do the same were also hanging over the summit.
'Bottom line'
Mr Schuster said the discussion about who would withdraw or not simply emphasised the importance of multilateralism. “We need as many countries that can contribute to resolve the situation," he said. "We need as many hands as we can get for us to be able to adapt.
“We are not doing any emission damage but we're at the front line. We don't want a backslide and that's the bottom line for us.”
Evans Njewa, chairman of the Least Developed Countries group, told The National that pulling out of negotiations was not the answer. “The United Nations wants to combat climate change – let no one withdraw from the process. We should move together to address climate action.”
The comments came after a joint briefing at Cop29 by the two groups. The island alliance represents 39 states, while the LDC consists of 45 countries with a collective population of more than a billion. Among them are some of the countries most vulnerable to climate change.
The briefing heard that if the Cop process is diminished and decisions shift to other forums, such as the G20, then the voices of smaller nations could be obscured. “We're not a part of those discussions,” said Michai Robertson, a negotiator for the alliance, about meetings such as the G20 when asked about the call to overhaul the summits. “So it is extremely important for forums like the UNFCCC to continue to exist.”
Watch: Climate action fund head calls for more pledges at Cop29
Work to do
Cop29, meanwhile, has reached about the halfway stage as talks over finance – the main objective of the summit – continue. Countries remain far apart.
The alliance has called for more than a trillion dollars to help the world’s most vulnerable nations stave off the worst effects of climate change, from rising sea levels to extreme heat. Small island states contribute about 1 per cent of global warming emissions, yet feel the effects acutely.
A report from the World Bank released on Thursday outlined the scale of the challenge stating that adapting to a sea level rise of up to 0.5 metres could cost three Pacific atoll nations $10 billion – which equals about 20 years of gross domestic product.
The report said residents in Kiribati, Tuvalu and the Marshall Islands live at an elevation of no more than three metres. What is more, a third of the population of Kiribati and Tuvalu could enter extreme poverty because of crises such as floods, while health systems could face pressure from illness related to surging heat.
UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres also told the conference this week that island states had every right to be angry about the situation, a call Mr Schuster was responding to.
“I am too,” said Mr Guterres. “You are on the sharp end of a colossal injustice, an injustice that sees the very future of your islands threatened by rising seas.
"Your people pounded by record hurricanes, your economies torn apart. And development gains left in tatters. This is an injustice perpetrated by the few. The G20 account for around 80 per cent of global emissions. And it is an injustice that must end.”
Cop29 - in pictures
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Participants at the Cop29 venue in Baku, Azerbaijan. Reuters -
Jochen Flasbarth, State Secretary in the German Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development, speaks in the Germany pavilion. Getty Images -
Nuclear power activists demonstrate. AP -
Activists hold a protest calling on developed nations to provide financing. Reuters -
An activist holds up a sign. Reuters -
Conference participants arrive on day four. Getty Images -
Another protest. Reuters -
From left, Jorge Perez, Rolando Escobar, Miguel Vasquez and Esteban Cama at a session on Indigenous communities in the Peruvian Amazon. AP -
President Sheikh Mohamed attends the World Leaders Climate Action Summit at Cop29, in Azerbaijan's capital Baku. UAE Presidential Court -
Sheikh Mohamed greets Recep Tayyip Erdogan, President of Turkey. WAM -
British Prime Minister Keir Starmer at Cop29. Bloomberg -
Ding Xuexiang, China's first Vice Premier, at Cop29. Bloomberg -
Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orban at a plenary session at Cop29. AP -
Sudan's military leader Abdel Fattah Al Burhan, at Cop29. Bloomberg -
World leaders pose for a group photo at the Cop29 United Nations Climate Change Conference, in Baku, Azerbaijan. AP -
Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban, left, stands next to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Reuters -
Antonio Guterres, UN secretary-general, addresses Cop29. Bloomberg -
Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev speaks during the Cop29 opening ceremony. Reuters -
Rafael Grossi, director general of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), at Cop29. Bloomberg -
Activists demonstrate for climate justice and a ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza, on day one of Cop29. AP -
Cop28 President Dr Sultan Al Jaber and Cop29 President Mukhtar Babayev at the official handover. AFP -
Dr Al Jaber, Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology, delivers a speech during the opening of Cop29 in Baku. AFP -
Mr Babayev speaks during the opening plenary session. AP -
An installation depicting a beached whale by the Belgian art collective Captain Boomer on an embankment in Baku. EPA -
The Turkey Solidarity Centre pavilion. Bloomberg -
Simon Stiell, executive secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, speaks during the opening ceremony. EPA -
People begin arriving for the start of Cop29 in Baku. Bloomberg -
Dr Al Jaber at Cop29 with Moroccan climate researcher Cherif El Khalil. AP -
A mosaic adorns a wall at the Cop29 venue, Baku Stadium, in the capital of Azerbaijan. Bloomberg -
A woman tries out a VR headset at the tourism booth as the Cop29 UN climate summit gets under way in Baku, Azerbaijan. AP
