Saudi and UAE stock markets end near year’s high after bumpy ride


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Regional stock markets ended the year near their 2016 highs, with the improved outlook for oil following production-curbing deals in recent weeks setting the tone.

The Tadawul All Share Index ended the year at 7,210.43, down a little more than 30 points on the day but up about 1,000 points, or about 16 per cent on year.

“If someone had told me in early January that the Saudi market was going to end the year positive, or even flat, I would have laughed,” said Nishit Lakhotia of Securities & Investment Company in Bahrain.

The DFM index in Dubai was up about 11 points at 3,530.88 on the day, or around 380 points – 12 per cent – on last year’s close. Abu Dhabi’s ADX index was up just under 75 points on its last trading session of the year, at 4,546.37, which represented a 5 per cent gain for the year.

Arabian Gulf markets have had a bumpy ride through the year, with the oil slump pushing the Tadawul down to a low around 5,400 in January and then again toward that territory late in the year as doubts set in about both the government’s ability to deal with its depleted revenues and engineer a deal with Opec and other producers to help the oil market’s recovery.

But the scepticism had lifted by year’s end; one catalyst was Saudi Arabia’s US$17.5 billion international bond issue in October, which lifted liquidity pressure from the domestic market.

The oil and petrochemicals sector led in Saudi, while hotels and tourism remained deep in the red.

amcauley@thenational.ae

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Cologne v Hoffenheim (11.30pm)

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Ten tax points to be aware of in 2026

1. Domestic VAT refund amendments: request your refund within five years

If a business does not apply for the refund on time, they lose their credit.

2. E-invoicing in the UAE

Businesses should continue preparing for the implementation of e-invoicing in the UAE, with 2026 a preparation and transition period ahead of phased mandatory adoption. 

3. More tax audits

Tax authorities are increasingly using data already available across multiple filings to identify audit risks. 

4. More beneficial VAT and excise tax penalty regime

Tax disputes are expected to become more frequent and more structured, with clearer administrative objection and appeal processes. The UAE has adopted a new penalty regime for VAT and excise disputes, which now mirrors the penalty regime for corporate tax.

5. Greater emphasis on statutory audit

There is a greater need for the accuracy of financial statements. The International Financial Reporting Standards standards need to be strictly adhered to and, as a result, the quality of the audits will need to increase.

6. Further transfer pricing enforcement

Transfer pricing enforcement, which refers to the practice of establishing prices for internal transactions between related entities, is expected to broaden in scope. The UAE will shortly open the possibility to negotiate advance pricing agreements, or essentially rulings for transfer pricing purposes. 

7. Limited time periods for audits

Recent amendments also introduce a default five-year limitation period for tax audits and assessments, subject to specific statutory exceptions. While the standard audit and assessment period is five years, this may be extended to up to 15 years in cases involving fraud or tax evasion. 

8. Pillar 2 implementation 

Many multinational groups will begin to feel the practical effect of the Domestic Minimum Top-Up Tax (DMTT), the UAE's implementation of the OECD’s global minimum tax under Pillar 2. While the rules apply for financial years starting on or after January 1, 2025, it is 2026 that marks the transition to an operational phase.

9. Reduced compliance obligations for imported goods and services

Businesses that apply the reverse-charge mechanism for VAT purposes in the UAE may benefit from reduced compliance obligations. 

10. Substance and CbC reporting focus

Tax authorities are expected to continue strengthening the enforcement of economic substance and Country-by-Country (CbC) reporting frameworks. In the UAE, these regimes are increasingly being used as risk-assessment tools, providing tax authorities with a comprehensive view of multinational groups’ global footprints and enabling them to assess whether profits are aligned with real economic activity. 

Contributed by Thomas Vanhee and Hend Rashwan, Aurifer

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