Carly Rae Jepsen. Stuart Wilson / Getty Images
Carly Rae Jepsen. Stuart Wilson / Getty Images

The year in pop culture



? february

The death of Whitney Houston
Happily, 2012 will be characterised by the effervescent jollity of Gangnam Style and Carly Rae Jepson's Call Me Maybe. But the year began soberly with the news of Whitney Houston's death at the age of just 48 in the bath of her Beverly Hills hotel room. Despite the warning signs – and there were many – it somehow seemed inconceivable that a singer synonymous with the carefree pop of I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me) and the lung-busting ballad I Will Always Love You was struggling so terribly in her private life. Depressing.

? february
Carly Rae Jepsen
makes perfect pop song... maybe

There's one easy way to measure the cultural currency of a song; how quickly it spawns YouTube covers. This year, everyone wanted a piece of Carly Rae Jepsen's perfect pop tune, from lip-synced videos by Justin Bieber to versions by the US Military in Afghanistan and, er, the Cookie Monster. Number 1 in 19 x thanks to the nagging staccato strings of the chorus and its sheer happy-go-lucky evocation of teen infatuation, as a pop song, Call Me Maybe was flawless in its simplicity.

? june

Karl Lagerfeld’s savvy cat

"I'm a famous beauty who refuses to eat on the floor and my maids pamper my every need. I am Choupette Lagerfeld and I am a spoiled pussy." As ways of introducing yourself on Twitter this year, Chanel's head designer Karl Lagerfeld's cat took some beating. We learnt that little Choupette flies by private jet, is an iPad fan and sleeps in Chanel cast-offs. Sounds ridiculous? The joke is actually rather amusing – 'If i wear red lipstick does that make me an alley cat?' –  and as Lagerfeld himself said, tongue firmly out of cheek, Choupette has become the most famous cat in the world, not least because she often disagrees with her owner. Catty indeed. Next!

? october

Kim Kardashian is properly in love... for now

You will forgive us for suggesting, in this very same column last year, that Kim Kardashian's approach to relationships was entirely based on the US$17.9 million she made from celebrity magazines eager to cover her 72-day marriage to basketball player Kris Humphries. What cynics we were, because Kardashian and Kanye West are the real deal, as proved by, er, a romantic trip to Rome for her birthday in October where, rather than gaze into each other's eyes over pasta, she performed a wardrobe change in between courses. Still, after causing a near-riot in Bahrain outside a Millions of Milkshakes shop, it pays to be prepared – and she does have a lot of new clothes to get through. West bought her a whole new wardrobe last month. Celebrity lurve, huh?

? november

One Direction

When the British boy band One Direction – who, let's remember, finished third in The X Factor in 2010 – released their second album Take Me Home in November, the frantic reaction sparked scenes not witnessed since Beatlemania. Well, maybe since New Kids on the Block. There were 1D hair straighteners, a 1D fragrance, and Morgan Spurlock began filming a documentary. Oh, and there was the small matter of Take Me Home topping the charts in a frankly ridiculous 35 different countries, including the US, and selling more than one million records in its first week. Why is this? They're cheeky chaps without being too threatening (which means lads think they're all right, mums would like to ruffle their hair and girls can imagine dating them), their pop-rock is the defining sound of the charts and they've worked ridiculously hard. The UAE date is surely (hopefully) a matter of months away.

? march

Pussy Riot shock Russia

It was cast as President Putin vs Punk, and sadly, in the end, nobody really won. Russian headlines said that the Russian feminist band Pussy Riot had incited "religious hatred" by recording a performance of Punk Prayer – Mother of God, Chase Putin Away! in Moscow's Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. Really, it had been a political act of defiance and in March, to global uproar, they were arrested for "hooliganism". And while the support of Madonna, Lady Gaga, Green Day, Paul McCartney and many more actually embarrassed the trio – they're all part of the capitalist system they despise, apparently – no amount of pressure helped. In August, they were sentenced to two years in a penal colony.

? may
Jennifer Lopez becomes all powerful

We do like a good list at The National. So when Forbes released its countdown of the most powerful celebrities on the planet in 2012, we expected to see Steven Spielberg, or Oprah Winfrey. Maybe even Justin Bieber. You know, people who make a contribution to the important business of distracting us from the drudgery of daily life. But no. Jennifer Lopez, who has neither released a good album or been in a good film since about 2001, apparently lords it over all pop culture. How this has come to pass, nobody appears to know. She was a judge on American Idol and crops up on L'Oreal adverts now and then, but when she performed in Dubai months later, the November 22 gig was sold out.

? april

Pippa Middleton and the British Royal Family

Of course, Pippa is only the sister of the future queen of Britain. So she probably thought – despite essentially featuring on the internet behemoth Mail Online every day –  that going to a risqué fancy dress party dressed as Marie Antoinette was fine. It wasn't fine, however, for her to be snapped in a car the next morning with a guy waving a gun – even if it was an imitation one. Maybe that's why poor Pippa's guidebook to planning a party was a complete flop (but spawned a fantastic parody Twitter account, @pippatips). Still, at least such larks didn't put off her brother-in-law Harry, whose Las Vegas holiday snaps were, shall we say, revealing. The paparazzi are controversial. But the royal family don't half make it easy for them.

? july

Psy does Gangnam Style

Eh... sexy lady! In July, a stocky, 34-year-old South Korean uploaded his latest single to YouTube. He may not have had huge hopes for it; after all, it somehow juxtaposed a critique of a posh area of Seoul with a dance move involving riding a pretend horse – and was almost entirely in Korean. Five months later, however, Psy's Gangnam Style is the most watched video ever on YouTube and was enjoyed by a staggering one billion people. There are parody versions by the students of Eton, even Christmas lights on English houses have been set to the music. No wonder, then, that Psy was hailed by the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, as a "force for world peace". Warring factions solving their problems by pretending to ride horses to a dance beat? We'd like to see it.

? september

Chris Brown and Rihanna:
the saga continues

In September, Rihanna released Diamonds. In the video, she hangs on to the arm of a man clearly meant to be Chris Brown – who would later appear on her seventh album, Unapologetic. This, if anyone needs reminding, is the man with whom, as Rihanna told police three years ago, she was engaged in an "ongoing and escalating abusive relationship". As she broke down on Oprah Winfrey's show, telling the world he was still the love of her life, Brown and Rihanna's will-they, won't-they love was certainly the most compelling love affair of the year. If, indeed, you can call dating a man who is on probation for beating you up a romance. At least Rihanna remained in charge. After seeing that Brown had stepped out with his ex-girlfriend, Karrueche Tran, she seemed ready to move on, tweeting: "Examine what you tolerate. Goodbye." Although the wording may have been slightly stronger than that.

? august

Tig Notaro makes fun of cancer

When the US comedian Tig Notaro walked on to a West Hollywood stage in August, she wasn't really in the mood. Two days before, the 41-year-old found out she had breast cancer. In the previous four months she'd had pneumonia, nearly died from a gut infection, split up from her partner and buried her mother. Reckoning that things couldn't get much worse, her opening line was: "Good evening, hello! I have cancer, how are you?" and she then proceeded to improvise a brilliantly hilarious, life-affirming set. Fired by word of mouth – and the fact her performance was recorded and swiftly available for download on the Emmy-winning Louis CK's website – Notaro became hot property almost overnight, signing a book deal and hammering the chat show circuit. But best of all, the cancer is now in remission.

? december

Winner of The Voice, Mourad Barouki

When The National spoke to the rising Dubai hip-hop star Fadl recently, talk immediately turned to The Voice. "It's all my parents watch," he laughed. "I'm beginning to think they're obsessed with it." It was an experience matched in homes across the Emirates and the Middle East, as the Moroccan singer Mourad Barouki swept to victory last week. It wasn't a complete surprise – as The National noted before the final, he had the looks and the voice and really only needed a few rough edges knocked off. The chance to record with Lady Gaga's producer RedOne is quite a prize, but the real winners were the audience: this was great television, showcasing some fantastic talent from the Arab world. And as One Direction prove, you don't have to win a contest such as this to be successful.

How to protect yourself when air quality drops

Install an air filter in your home.

Close your windows and turn on the AC.

Shower or bath after being outside.

Wear a face mask.

Stay indoors when conditions are particularly poor.

If driving, turn your engine off when stationary.

Company profile

Name: Steppi

Founders: Joe Franklin and Milos Savic

Launched: February 2020

Size: 10,000 users by the end of July and a goal of 200,000 users by the end of the year

Employees: Five

Based: Jumeirah Lakes Towers, Dubai

Financing stage: Two seed rounds – the first sourced from angel investors and the founders' personal savings

Second round raised Dh720,000 from silent investors in June this year

%20Ramez%20Gab%20Min%20El%20Akher
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ECreator%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Ramez%20Galal%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarring%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Ramez%20Galal%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EStreaming%20on%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EMBC%20Shahid%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ERating%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E2.5%2F5%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
COMPANY PROFILE
Name: Kumulus Water
 
Started: 2021
 
Founders: Iheb Triki and Mohamed Ali Abid
 
Based: Tunisia 
 
Sector: Water technology 
 
Number of staff: 22 
 
Investment raised: $4 million 
The specs
Engine: 4.0-litre flat-six
Power: 510hp at 9,000rpm
Torque: 450Nm at 6,100rpm
Transmission: 7-speed PDK auto or 6-speed manual
Fuel economy, combined: 13.8L/100km
On sale: Available to order now
Price: From Dh801,800
Countries offering golden visas

UK
Innovator Founder Visa is aimed at those who can demonstrate relevant experience in business and sufficient investment funds to set up and scale up a new business in the UK. It offers permanent residence after three years.

Germany
Investing or establishing a business in Germany offers you a residence permit, which eventually leads to citizenship. The investment must meet an economic need and you have to have lived in Germany for five years to become a citizen.

Italy
The scheme is designed for foreign investors committed to making a significant contribution to the economy. Requires a minimum investment of €250,000 which can rise to €2 million.

Switzerland
Residence Programme offers residence to applicants and their families through economic contributions. The applicant must agree to pay an annual lump sum in tax.

Canada
Start-Up Visa Programme allows foreign entrepreneurs the opportunity to create a business in Canada and apply for permanent residence. 

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Company%20Profile
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The more serious side of specialty coffee

While the taste of beans and freshness of roast is paramount to the specialty coffee scene, so is sustainability and workers’ rights.

The bulk of genuine specialty coffee companies aim to improve on these elements in every stage of production via direct relationships with farmers. For instance, Mokha 1450 on Al Wasl Road strives to work predominantly with women-owned and -operated coffee organisations, including female farmers in the Sabree mountains of Yemen.

Because, as the boutique’s owner, Garfield Kerr, points out: “women represent over 90 per cent of the coffee value chain, but are woefully underrepresented in less than 10 per cent of ownership and management throughout the global coffee industry.”

One of the UAE’s largest suppliers of green (meaning not-yet-roasted) beans, Raw Coffee, is a founding member of the Partnership of Gender Equity, which aims to empower female coffee farmers and harvesters.

Also, globally, many companies have found the perfect way to recycle old coffee grounds: they create the perfect fertile soil in which to grow mushrooms. 

Herc's Adventures

Developer: Big Ape Productions
Publisher: LucasArts
Console: PlayStation 1 & 5, Sega Saturn
Rating: 4/5

Blackpink World Tour [Born Pink] In Cinemas

Starring: Rose, Jisoo, Jennie, Lisa

Directors: Min Geun, Oh Yoon-Dong

Rating: 3/5

SPECS
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EEngine%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%206-cylinder%203-litre%2C%20with%20petrol%20and%20diesel%20variants%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETransmission%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E8-speed%20automatic%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPower%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20286hp%20(petrol)%2C%20249hp%20(diesel)%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETorque%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E450Nm%20(petrol)%2C%20550Nm%20(diesel)%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPrice%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EStarting%20at%20%2469%2C800%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EOn%20sale%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ENow%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
The five pillars of Islam

1. Fasting 

2. Prayer 

3. Hajj 

4. Shahada 

5. Zakat 

The five pillars of Islam

1. Fasting

2. Prayer

3. Hajj

4. Shahada

5. Zakat 

The burning issue

The internal combustion engine is facing a watershed moment – major manufacturer Volvo is to stop producing petroleum-powered vehicles by 2021 and countries in Europe, including the UK, have vowed to ban their sale before 2040. The National takes a look at the story of one of the most successful technologies of the last 100 years and how it has impacted life in the UAE.

Part three: an affection for classic cars lives on

Read part two: how climate change drove the race for an alternative 

Read part one: how cars came to the UAE

Opening day UAE Premiership fixtures, Friday, September 22:

  • Dubai Sports City Eagles v Dubai Exiles
  • Dubai Hurricanes v Abu Dhabi Saracens
  • Jebel Ali Dragons v Abu Dhabi Harlequins
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
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Company%20profile
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EName%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20WallyGPT%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarted%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E2014%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFounders%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ESaeid%20and%20Sami%20Hejazi%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBased%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Dubai%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ESector%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EFinTech%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestment%20raised%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E%247.1%20million%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ENumber%20of%20staff%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%2020%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestment%20stage%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EPre-seed%20round%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
ENGLAND SQUAD

Goalkeepers: Jack Butland, Jordan Pickford, Nick Pope 
Defenders: John Stones, Harry Maguire, Phil Jones, Kyle Walker, Kieran Trippier, Gary Cahill, Ashley Young, Danny Rose, Trent Alexander-Arnold 
Midfielders: Eric Dier, Jordan Henderson, Dele Alli, Jesse Lingard, Raheem Sterling, Ruben Loftus-Cheek, Fabian Delph 
Forwards: Harry Kane, Jamie Vardy, Marcus Rashford, Danny Welbeck

South Africa v India schedule

Tests: 1st Test Jan 5-9, Cape Town; 2nd Test Jan 13-17, Centurion; 3rd Test Jan 24-28, Johannesburg

ODIs: 1st ODI Feb 1, Durban; 2nd ODI Feb 4, Centurion; 3rd ODI Feb 7, Cape Town; 4th ODI Feb 10, Johannesburg; 5th ODI Feb 13, Port Elizabeth; 6th ODI Feb 16, Centurion

T20Is: 1st T20I Feb 18, Johannesburg; 2nd T20I Feb 21, Centurion; 3rd T20I Feb 24, Cape Town

Results

4pm: Al Bastakiya – Listed (TB) $150,000 (Dirt) 1,900m; Winner: Panadol, Mickael Barzalona (jockey), Salem bin Ghadayer (trainer)

4.35pm: Dubai City Of Gold – Group 2 (TB) $228,000 (Turf) 2,410m; Winner: Walton Street, William Buick, Charlie Appleby

5.10pm: Mahab Al Shimaal – Group 3 (TB) $228,000 (D) 1,200m; Winner: Canvassed, Pat Dobbs, Doug Watson

5.45pm: Burj Nahaar – Group 3 (TB) $228,000 (D) 1,600m; Winner: Midnight Sands, Pat Dobbs, Doug Watson

6.20pm: Jebel Hatta – Group 1 (TB) $260,000 (T) 1,800m; Winner: Lord Glitters, Daniel Tudhope, David O’Meara

6.55pm: Al Maktoum Challenge Round-1 – Group 1 (TB) $390,000 (D) 2,000m; Winner: Salute The Soldier, Adrie de Vries, Fawzi Nass

7.30pm: Nad Al Sheba – Group 3 (TB) $228,000 (T) 1,200m; Winner: Final Song, Frankie Dettori, Saeed bin Suroor

The specs: 2018 Nissan Patrol Nismo

Price: base / as tested: Dh382,000

Engine: 5.6-litre V8

Gearbox: Seven-speed automatic

Power: 428hp @ 5,800rpm

Torque: 560Nm @ 3,600rpm

Fuel economy, combined: 12.7L / 100km

A%20QUIET%20PLACE
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Russia's Muslim Heartlands

Dominic Rubin, Oxford

EA%20Sports%20FC%2024
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Results

Women finals: 48kg - Urantsetseg Munkhbat (MGL) bt Distria Krasniqi (KOS); 52kg - Odette Guiffrida (ITA) bt Majlinda Kelmendi (KOS); 57kg - Nora Gjakova (KOS) bt Anastasiia Konkina (Rus)

Men’s finals: 60kg - Amiran Papinashvili (GEO) bt Francisco Garrigos (ESP); 66kg - Vazha Margvelashvili (Geo) bt Yerlan Serikzhanov (KAZ)

Three ways to limit your social media use

Clinical psychologist, Dr Saliha Afridi at The Lighthouse Arabia suggests three easy things you can do every day to cut back on the time you spend online.

1. Put the social media app in a folder on the second or third screen of your phone so it has to remain a conscious decision to open, rather than something your fingers gravitate towards without consideration.

2. Schedule a time to use social media instead of consistently throughout the day. I recommend setting aside certain times of the day or week when you upload pictures or share information. 

3. Take a mental snapshot rather than a photo on your phone. Instead of sharing it with your social world, try to absorb the moment, connect with your feeling, experience the moment with all five of your senses. You will have a memory of that moment more vividly and for far longer than if you take a picture of it.

COMPANY%20PROFILE
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ICC Women's T20 World Cup Asia Qualifier 2025, Thailand

UAE fixtures
May 9, v Malaysia
May 10, v Qatar
May 13, v Malaysia
May 15, v Qatar
May 18 and 19, semi-finals
May 20, final

Sheer grandeur

The Owo building is 14 storeys high, seven of which are below ground, with the 30,000 square feet of amenities located subterranean, including a 16-seat private cinema, seven lounges, a gym, games room, treatment suites and bicycle storage.

A clear distinction between the residences and the Raffles hotel with the amenities operated separately.

Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.

Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.

Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.

“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.

Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.

From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.

Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.

BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.

Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.

Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.

“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.

“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.

“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”

The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”

The specs: 2019 Audi A7 Sportback

Price, base: Dh315,000

Engine: 3.0-litre V6

Transmission: Seven-speed automatic

Power: 335hp @ 5,000rpm

Torque: 500Nm @ 1,370rpm

Fuel economy 5.9L / 100km

NINE WINLESS GAMES

Arsenal 2-2 Crystal Palace (Oct 27, PL)

Liverpool 5-5 Arsenal  (Oct 30, EFL)

Arsenal 1-1 Wolves (Nov 02, PL)

Vitoria Guimaraes 1-1 Arsenal  (Nov 6, Europa)

Leicester 2-0 Arsenal (Nov 9, PL)

Arsenal 2-2 Southampton (Nov 23, PL)

Arsenal 1-2 Eintracht Frankfurt (Nov 28, Europa)

Norwich 2-2 Arsenal (Dec 01, PL)

Arsenal 1-2 Brighton (Dec 05, PL)

Key facilities
  • Olympic-size swimming pool with a split bulkhead for multi-use configurations, including water polo and 50m/25m training lanes
  • Premier League-standard football pitch
  • 400m Olympic running track
  • NBA-spec basketball court with auditorium
  • 600-seat auditorium
  • Spaces for historical and cultural exploration
  • An elevated football field that doubles as a helipad
  • Specialist robotics and science laboratories
  • AR and VR-enabled learning centres
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Coffee: black death or elixir of life?

It is among the greatest health debates of our time; splashed across newspapers with contradicting headlines - is coffee good for you or not?

Depending on what you read, it is either a cancer-causing, sleep-depriving, stomach ulcer-inducing black death or the secret to long life, cutting the chance of stroke, diabetes and cancer.

The latest research - a study of 8,412 people across the UK who each underwent an MRI heart scan - is intended to put to bed (caffeine allowing) conflicting reports of the pros and cons of consumption.

The study, funded by the British Heart Foundation, contradicted previous findings that it stiffens arteries, putting pressure on the heart and increasing the likelihood of a heart attack or stroke, leading to warnings to cut down.

Numerous studies have recognised the benefits of coffee in cutting oral and esophageal cancer, the risk of a stroke and cirrhosis of the liver. 

The benefits are often linked to biologically active compounds including caffeine, flavonoids, lignans, and other polyphenols, which benefit the body. These and othetr coffee compounds regulate genes involved in DNA repair, have anti-inflammatory properties and are associated with lower risk of insulin resistance, which is linked to type-2 diabetes.

But as doctors warn, too much of anything is inadvisable. The British Heart Foundation found the heaviest coffee drinkers in the study were most likely to be men who smoked and drank alcohol regularly.

Excessive amounts of coffee also unsettle the stomach causing or contributing to stomach ulcers. It also stains the teeth over time, hampers absorption of minerals and vitamins like zinc and iron.

It also raises blood pressure, which is largely problematic for people with existing conditions.

So the heaviest drinkers of the black stuff - some in the study had up to 25 cups per day - may want to rein it in.

Rory Reynolds