Two former London bankers hired by Libya to manage hundreds of millions of dollars in investments are accused of defrauding the sovereign fund by siphoning off cash for themselves.
Frederic Marino and Yoshiki Ohmura conspired to commit fraud and undertook fraudulent trading between 2009 and 2014, prosecutors alleged at the start of a London trial.
The pair deny all charges.
Mr Marino, an ex-JPMorgan Chase banker, helped set up asset management company FM Capital Partners Ltd to manage money invested from the Libya Africa Investment Portfolio.
Mr Ohmura, a former Julius Baer banker, had acted as a mediator for FM Capital Partners, the prosecutors said at the start of the trial.
Mr Marino was head of JPMorgan’s alternative investment emerging market group in early 2009.
He arranged for fees from the funds to be paid through offshore companies and Mr Ohmura assisted him through another company, allowing them to take a cut, prosecutors said.
The payments, which were worth more than $14 million and $1.3m, respectively, involved 17 investments made by the Libyan fund to four investment banks between 2009 and 2011.
Some of the siphoned money was used to pay off people who were aware of the scheme. All of this was done without the knowledge of the fund.
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'The worst thing you can eat'
Trans fat is typically found in fried and baked goods, but you may be consuming more than you think.
Powdered coffee creamer, microwave popcorn and virtually anything processed with a crust is likely to contain it, as this guide from Mayo Clinic outlines:
Baked goods - Most cakes, cookies, pie crusts and crackers contain shortening, which is usually made from partially hydrogenated vegetable oil. Ready-made frosting is another source of trans fat.
Snacks - Potato, corn and tortilla chips often contain trans fat. And while popcorn can be a healthy snack, many types of packaged or microwave popcorn use trans fat to help cook or flavour the popcorn.
Fried food - Foods that require deep frying — french fries, doughnuts and fried chicken — can contain trans fat from the oil used in the cooking process.
Refrigerator dough - Products such as canned biscuits and cinnamon rolls often contain trans fat, as do frozen pizza crusts.
Creamer and margarine - Nondairy coffee creamer and stick margarines also may contain partially hydrogenated vegetable oils.
