Pope Francis visits historic churches as he wraps Canada trip

Leader of Catholic Church's visit has focused on apology for institution's role in country's indigenous residential schools

Pope Francis dons a headdress given to him during a visit with indigenous people at the site of a former residential school in Maskwacis, Alberta, Canada. AP

Pope Francis greets indigenous leaders in Maskwacis. Vatican Media Handout / AFP

Pope Francis wears a headdress during a visit to the site of a former residential school. AFP

Pope Francis is visiting Canada to apologise for the Catholic Church's role in the country's indigenous residential schools. Reuters

Pope Francis greets the faithful upon his arrival at the National Shrine of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupre. EPA

Pope Francis arrives at the National Shrine of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupre. Getty Images / AFP

Pope Francis blesses a baby upon his arrival at the National Shrine of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupre. EPA

Pope Francis arrives at the National Shrine of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupre. AFP

Pope Francis leads a mass at the National Shrine of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupre near Quebec City, Canada. EPA / Vatican Media Handout

Indigenous people hold a banner as Pope Francis presides over a mass in Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupre. Reuters

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau greets Pope Francis as he arrives at the Citadelle in Quebec City. AFP

Pope Francis meets Mr Trudeau. The Canadian Press / AP

Canadian Governor General Mary Simon receives Pope Francis at the Citadelle. EPA

Pope Francis walks with Ms Simon and Mr Trudeau. Reuters

Mr Justin Trudeau and Ms Simon meet Pope Francis. EPA

Pope Francis is presented with a gift. AFP

Mr Trudeau stands next to Pope Francis and Ms Simon after a meeting with civil authorities, representatives of indigenous peoples and members of the diplomatic corps at the Citadelle. Vatican Media Handout / Reuters

Pope Francis kisses a baby as he tours the Plains of Abraham in Quebec. Getty Images / AFP

Pope Francis leaves the Citadelle in his popemobile. The Canadian Press / AP

Pope Francis on Thursday will visit two of the oldest Roman Catholic churches in North America as he winds up a trip to Canada centred on his apology for the church's role in the country's notorious indigenous residential schools.

In the morning, the Pope presided over at a Mass at the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupre in the town of the same name about 30 kilometres outside Quebec City.

The oldest Catholic pilgrimage site in North America stands on the place where a small church was built in 1658 to house a statue of St Anne that French colonists considered miraculous. In the afternoon, he will preside over a vespers service in the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Quebec City.

The visits to the two churches come on the penultimate day of his week-long visit to Canada, where he has several times issued apologies related to the schools, which operated between 1870 and 1996.

Chief Rosanne Casimir of the Tk'emlups te Secwepemc First Nation poses in front of the former Kamloops Indian Residential School in British Columbia,Canada. Willy Lowry / The National

A to the children discovered buried at the Kamloops Indian residential School. Willy Lowry / The National

The former Kamloops Indian Residential School still stands on the grounds of the Tk'emlups te Secwepemc First Nation. Willy Lowry / The National

Sam George a survivor of Canada's Indian residential schools poses near where the St Paul's Indian Residential School in North Vancouver, Canada used to stand. Willy Lowry / The National

Angela White, the executive director of the Indian Residential Schools Survivors Society poses outside her home near Vancouver, Canada. Willy Lowry / The National

A shrine to the children discovered buried at the Kamloops Indian residential School. Willy Lowry / The National

The community created a shrine to the children discovered buried at the Kamloops Indian residential School. Willy Lowry / The National

The manicured nails of Tk'emlups te Secwepemc First Nation's Chief Rosanne Casimir. She has written 215 on one nail to represent the 215 graves that were discovered at the site of the former Kamloops Indian Residential School. Willy Lowry / The National

Sam George a survivor of Canada's Indian residential schools poses near where the St Paul's Indian Residential School in North Vancouver, Canada. Willy Lowry / The National

The former Kamloops Indian Residential School still stands on the grounds of the Tk'emlups te Secwepemc First Nation. Willy Lowry / The National

Sam George a survivor of Canada's Indian residential school system points to a plaque with his name on it outside the former St Paul's Indian Residential School in North Vancouver, Canada. Willy Lowry / The National

A monument to the children who were forced to attend the St Paul's Indian Residential School in North Vancouver, British Columbia. Willy Lowry / The National

Sam George a survivor of Canada's Indian residential school system points to a plaque with his name on it outside the former St Paul's Indian Residential School in North Vancouver, Canada. Willy Lowry / The National

Shortly after his arrival in Quebec City on Wednesday, the Pope met Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Mary Simon, the country's first indigenous governor general.

In public addresses in the Citadelle de Quebec, the largest British fortress built in North America, Mr Trudeau and Ms Simon pointedly told the Pope of the horrors of residential schools that the church ran for past governments.

More than 150,000 indigenous children were separated from their families and brought to residential schools. They were starved or beaten for speaking their native languages and sexually abused in a system that Canada's Truth and Reconciliation Commission called “cultural genocide”.

“As a dad, I can’t imagine having my children being taken away. When my kids are crying, I can console them. When they’re happy, I can share that feeling of joy with them,” Mr Trudeau said.

“But in residential schools, these children were alone and isolated in their pain and sorrow, far from their families and communities. And even worse, stripped of their language, their culture, their identity.”

The Pope said the church is “admitting our faults” and wanted to join civil authorities “to promote the legitimate rights of the native populations and to favour processes of healing and reconciliation” between indigenous and non-indigenous Canadians.

On Monday, the Pope travelled to the town of Maskwacis, the site of two former schools, and issued a historic apology that called the church's role in the schools, and the forced cultural assimilation they attempted, a “deplorable evil” and “disastrous error”.

On Tuesday, he said the church should accept institutional blame for the harm done to indigenous Canadians.

On his way back to Rome on Friday, he will stop for a few hours in Iqaluit in the Canadian Arctic, where he is expected to discuss the threat that climate change poses to indigenous communities.

Indigenous Canadians still grapple with discovery of unmarked graves three months on