Black Arab women are drawing inspiration from global anti-racism protests to fight long-standing discrimination and Middle Eastern beauty standards that favour light skin and straight hair.
Black Arabs in the Middle East and North Africa, who are descended from sub-Saharan Africans, suffer social marginalisation and unequal job prospects, and are often subjected to racist abuse and derogatory portrayals in the media.
Black women, some of whom are African migrants, face double the discrimination, activists say.
“The standard of beauty in our society is to be white,” said Khawla Ksiksi, a feminist and anti-racism activist who co-founded the Voices of Black Tunisian Women group.
“Black women are pressured to straighten their hair, get rid of their curls and to whiten their skin in order to be accepted by society and fit in by its standards,” Ms Ksiksi told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
Emboldened by the global Black Lives Matter movement, she said, black Arab women wanted to highlight the day-to-day racial prejudice and abuse they face in a region in which there is widespread denial of the problem.
Somali-Yemeni activist Amna Ali founded the Black Arabs Collective this month, an Instagram platform that aims to raise awareness about race and racism in the region.
She recalled watching adverts for whitening cream on TV showing women growing happier as their complexion gradually became lighter.
“It’s so damaging to brown and black girls that watch that and think ‘my skin colour is bad’ and if it’s lighter, it’s better,” she said by phone from Dubai.
A surge of global criticism about whitening creams has forced their producers to respond.
Johnson & Johnson said on Friday it would stop selling its range of such products in Asia and the Middle East.
In Tunisia, sanitary pad brand Nana caused outrage on social media after sharing a post on June 9 meant to celebrate diversity that featured a white, blue-eyed model painted in different skin tones.
Nana Arabia swiftly removed the post.
“The use of blackface for me further indicates that black women are perceived as not beautiful,” Ms Ksiksi said. Brands “would rather use the image of a white woman and paint her face,” she said.
In Tunisia, as elsewhere in North Africa and the Middle East, black Arab women are also disproportionately poor and suffer worse job prospects as well as increased sexual harassment at the hands of employers, or while out in the street.
“Economically and socially, black women are at the bottom of the pyramid. So if someone harasses a black woman, he knows she has no connections … and this makes it easier for her to be harassed,” Ms Ksiksi said.
Tunisia was the first Arab country, in October 2018, to criminalise racial discrimination. The first conviction under the law was in February 2019.
But from Egypt to the Palestinian Territories, deep-rooted racist views are coming under attack.
Earlier this month, the Egyptian actor and singer Mohamed Ramadan called out a woman who commented on a photo of his son to say it was unfortunate the boy turned out black like his father instead of inheriting his mother’s lighter skin.
“I’m proud of my colour … and I’m happy my children will grow up to be anti-racism,” Mr Ramadan wrote on his Facebook page.
In a viral Instagram video, Palestinian actress Maryam Abu Khaled said she hoped future generations would not endure the racist comments she grew up hearing, which included parents warning their children to avoid the sun so they would not look like her.
For Amna Ali, who was often told she was “pretty for a black girl”, the protests sparked by last month’s killing of black American George Floyd by a white Minneapolis police officer had triggered some long-overdue soul searching closer to home.
“People are starting to understand that ‘okay, maybe now I should be more socially aware of my anti-blackness’,” she said.
“This is a huge change from the race conversation completely not existing in the Arab world to people now calling each other out.”
