Germany's new interior minister said Friday he doesn't consider Islam to be a part of Germany, a position that puts him at odds with Chancellor Angela Merkel on the central question of migration.
Horst Seehofer, the country's top security official, told the newspaper Bild that "Islam doesn't belong to Germany," but added that "the Muslims who live with us are, of course, part of Germany."
Mr Seehofer said his message to Muslims was: "Live with us, not parallel to or against us."
His Bavaria-only Christian Social Union, which has always taken a harder line on migration than Ms Merkel's conservative Christian Democratic Union, faces a state election later this year in which the anti-Islam Alternative for Germany party is expected to do well.
Asked about Mr Seehofer's comments, Ms Merkel said while Germany is shaped by its Judeo-Christian heritage, "now there are 4 million Muslims living in Germany" — a country of about 82 million people.
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"They can live their religion here, too," she said. "These Muslims belong to Germany and in the same way their religion belongs to Germany, that is to say Islam."
She added that the Islam practiced by Muslims in Germany would have to conform to the country's constitution.
The head of the Turkish Community in Germany, Gokay Sofuoglu, called Mr Seehofer's comments unhelpful at a time when the country is again seeing a rise in attacks on mosques and other Islamic institutions.
"Religious freedom is without a doubt part of Germany," said Mr Sofuoglu. "It's in the constitution."
The phrase "Islam is part of Germany" was coined by former President Christian Wulff in 2010 and has since become a battleground for those who oppose mass migration from Muslim countries, the building of mosques and women wearing veils in public.
On Friday, a police force in western Germany said it had resolved a dispute with a Muslim officer who refused to shake hands with a female colleague at a staff party last year, citing religious reasons.
Koblenz police said the officer agreed to sign a pledge recognising women as equals and to shake their hand in future — or lose his job. The officer, who wasn't named, also paid a 1,000 euro fine.