Slovakia on Friday became the second Nato country to say it would donate fighter jets to Ukraine, following an offer by Poland a day earlier.
Ukraine could receive as many as 13 Soviet-era MiG-29 jets in various states of readiness from Slovakia, Prime Minister Eduard Heger said.
Poland will provide another four MiG-29s and more will follow once they finish maintenance, President Andrzej Duda said.
Further allies have indicated they are ready to send such aircraft, the Polish government said this week, as Kyiv seeks air power to gain the upper hand over Russia.
Ukraine's Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba said Kyiv would remember who backed it "at the darkest moment of its history" when it comes to future diplomatic relations.
"War is a time when you have to make a choice. And every choice has been recorded," he told the BBC.
The fighter jet deliveries will cross a threshold in sending firepower to Ukraine, as many western allies have drawn the line at warplanes due to the risk of being drawn into a direct confrontation with Moscow.
Moscow said in response on Friday that the fighter jets given to Ukraine would be destroyed.
“The supply of this military equipment, as we have repeatedly said, will not change the outcome of the special military operation,” Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said.
Ukraine has its own stock of MiG-29s and the ageing aircraft do not meet the standard of more modern F-16s or similar models that Kyiv has craved most.
However, the new shipments could add to Ukraine’s fleet with operational jets or spare parts for its own damaged stock.
“Promises must be kept,” Slovakia's Mr Heger said on Friday, and when Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy “asked for more weapons including fighter jets, I said we'll do our best.”
The US expressed support for the deliveries. National Security Council spokesman John Kirby called them “sovereign decisions,” although he said it did not “change our calculus” on President Joe Biden’s decision not to send F-16 fighters, for now.
“I’m not going to miss an opportunity to plug Poland, who is really punching above its weight when it comes to supporting Ukraine,” Mr Kirby said in Washington on Thursday.
The government in neighbouring Nato member Germany appeared caught off guard by Poland's announcement.
“So far, everyone has agreed that it’s not the time to send fighter jets,” German Defence Minister Boris Pistorius told reporters. “I don’t have any confirmation from Poland yet that this has happened.”
Drones and weapons supplied to Ukraine — in pictures
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Turkeysold its Bayraktar TB2 armed drones to Ukraine. They can fly at an altitude of 7,500 metres and swoop down to attack targets. AFP -
The US also gave 700 of its Switchblade kamikaze drones. AP -
Cheap commercial drones like the DJI Mavic series have been modified in Ukraine. AFP -
Germany will follow the US in providing a Patriot missile defence system, pictured above, to Ukraine. Reuters -
FIM-92 Stinger rockets have been donated to help Ukrainian infantry engage aircraft and drones. The shoulder-launched missiles can shoot down aircraft. Photo: US Army -
Germany donated 25 Flakpanzer Gepard all-weather-capable self-propelled anti-aircraft gun. AFP -
The High-Mobility Artillery Rocket System, or Himars, can simultaneously launch several precision-guided missiles. The US has given Ukraine projectiles with a range of about 130 kilometres. EPA -
M777 howitzers and about 300,000 shells have been donated to give Ukraine an accurate artillery platform with a range of 50 kilometres. EPA -
Ukraine has been sent at least 5,000 of the anti-tank weapons known as NLAWs. These shoulder-launched rockets have proved deadly in the field. PA -
Ukrainian troops have also received thousands of Javelin anti-tank missiles. Bloomberg -
Poland and the Czech Republic sent Russian-made T72 tanks, which Ukraine has used for decades, to ease integration and cut down training time. EPA -
France as announced its plan to give AMX-10 RC “scout tanks” to Ukraine. "This is the first time that western-made armoured vehicles are being delivered in support of the Ukrainian army," a French official said. AFP -
Shortly after the French, the US said it would send Bradley fighting vehicles to provide "a level of firepower and armour that would bring advantages on the battlefield”. Reuters -
The UK sent their phased-out Saxon armoured vehicles. They found new life protecting infantry units in transit and dealing with tough off-road conditions. Getty Images -
Denmark has supplied Harpoon anti-ship launchers to help Ukraine defend its coasts. AFP -
The US sent 20 Soviet and Russian made Mi-17 helicopters to Ukraine that had initially been bought for the Afghan government in 2010. AP -
Germany has also supplied its latest version of the IRIS-T air defence system designed to shoot down missiles at altitudes up to 20 kilometres. Getty Images -
Ukraine has also been given thousands of small arms, bullet proof vests, medical kits, litres of fuel, granades and other weapons systems. Reuters
Mr Zelenskyy and his military leadership have persistently demanded war planes since the first days of the war, saying they are essential to driving back the Russian invasion.
Those calls were renewed this year when western members of the transatlantic alliance pledged battle tanks to Ukraine, raising speculation that fighter jets would be next.
Mr Duda said Poland received the aircraft from East Germany. The planes — a dozen or more at the end of their technical lifespan — will now strengthen Ukraine’s fleet of Soviet-era jets.
MiG deliveries will not jeopardise Poland’s security as the nation’s air force upgrades to Korean FA-50 and US-made F-35 combat jets, he said.
Slovakia's 13 MiGs are in various states of readiness and were grounded last August after the termination of a maintenance agreement with Russia. They will be offered to Ukraine for servicing in its own factories.
No other allies have yet come forward with a contribution pledge.
Other Nato members with MiG-29 jets in their inventories include Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania.
