Soviet-era MiG-29 jets fly with American-made F-16 fighters in Poland. AP
Soviet-era MiG-29 jets fly with American-made F-16 fighters in Poland. AP
Soviet-era MiG-29 jets fly with American-made F-16 fighters in Poland. AP
Soviet-era MiG-29 jets fly with American-made F-16 fighters in Poland. AP

Czech warplanes to protect Slovakia amid possible jet transfers to Ukraine


Tim Stickings
  • English
  • Arabic

Czech warplanes will step in to protect the skies of neighbouring Slovakia after its fighter jets were earmarked for possible delivery to Ukraine and their replacement with American F-16s was delayed.

An air force deployment will be approved to guard the airspace of Slovakia at its fellow Nato member's request, said Czech Prime Minister Petr Fiala.

“I don’t see any problem there. The government will certainly approve it,” Mr Fiala said as he appeared alongside Slovak Prime Minister Eduard Heger.

Slovakia borders Ukraine and has provided weapons including air defence systems and anti-tank missiles to aid its neighbour’s resistance to Russia.

Mr Heger has suggested that Ukraine could also receive some of his country’s Soviet-era MiG-29 fighters if alternative arrangements can be made to defend Slovakia’s airspace.

And the MiG-29s are being grounded by Slovakia in any case because of concerns about having them serviced by Russian technicians and relying on outdated military hardware.

The planes were introduced by the USSR’s air force in the 1980s but have remained in operation since the end of the Cold War with Russian and other former Warsaw Pact militaries. The Czech Republic and Slovakia separated in 1993.

Czech Prime Minister Petr Fiala said an air force deployment would be approved to protect Slovakia's skies. AFP
Czech Prime Minister Petr Fiala said an air force deployment would be approved to protect Slovakia's skies. AFP

Slovakia’s military ordered 14 F-16 fighters from America’s Lockheed Martin in 2018. The planes are being built at a plant in South Carolina, but the timeline for their delivery has been pushed back.

The first F-16s were due to arrive this year, but they are now expected “sometime in 2024”, Defence Minister Jaroslav Nad said at talks with his US counterpart Lloyd Austin in April.

Slovakia has also held talks with Poland about protecting its airspace while its MiG-29s are grounded, while Germany and the Netherlands have provided American-made Patriot anti-missile systems.

Poland made a surprise suggestion in March that its own MiG-29s could be sent to the US-operated Ramstein Air Base in Germany in anticipation of them being used in Ukraine.

But the idea was gently rejected by the Pentagon, which said it feared an escalation if planes were flown from an American base into Ukraine, potentially implicating Nato’s Article 5 mutual defence guarantee.

Nato rejected for similar reasons a plea by Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to establish a no-fly zone over his country to prevent Russian bombardments.

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Starring: Helen Mirren, Ian McKellen

Directed by: Bill Condon

Three out of five stars

Ten tax points to be aware of in 2026

1. Domestic VAT refund amendments: request your refund within five years

If a business does not apply for the refund on time, they lose their credit.

2. E-invoicing in the UAE

Businesses should continue preparing for the implementation of e-invoicing in the UAE, with 2026 a preparation and transition period ahead of phased mandatory adoption. 

3. More tax audits

Tax authorities are increasingly using data already available across multiple filings to identify audit risks. 

4. More beneficial VAT and excise tax penalty regime

Tax disputes are expected to become more frequent and more structured, with clearer administrative objection and appeal processes. The UAE has adopted a new penalty regime for VAT and excise disputes, which now mirrors the penalty regime for corporate tax.

5. Greater emphasis on statutory audit

There is a greater need for the accuracy of financial statements. The International Financial Reporting Standards standards need to be strictly adhered to and, as a result, the quality of the audits will need to increase.

6. Further transfer pricing enforcement

Transfer pricing enforcement, which refers to the practice of establishing prices for internal transactions between related entities, is expected to broaden in scope. The UAE will shortly open the possibility to negotiate advance pricing agreements, or essentially rulings for transfer pricing purposes. 

7. Limited time periods for audits

Recent amendments also introduce a default five-year limitation period for tax audits and assessments, subject to specific statutory exceptions. While the standard audit and assessment period is five years, this may be extended to up to 15 years in cases involving fraud or tax evasion. 

8. Pillar 2 implementation 

Many multinational groups will begin to feel the practical effect of the Domestic Minimum Top-Up Tax (DMTT), the UAE's implementation of the OECD’s global minimum tax under Pillar 2. While the rules apply for financial years starting on or after January 1, 2025, it is 2026 that marks the transition to an operational phase.

9. Reduced compliance obligations for imported goods and services

Businesses that apply the reverse-charge mechanism for VAT purposes in the UAE may benefit from reduced compliance obligations. 

10. Substance and CbC reporting focus

Tax authorities are expected to continue strengthening the enforcement of economic substance and Country-by-Country (CbC) reporting frameworks. In the UAE, these regimes are increasingly being used as risk-assessment tools, providing tax authorities with a comprehensive view of multinational groups’ global footprints and enabling them to assess whether profits are aligned with real economic activity. 

Contributed by Thomas Vanhee and Hend Rashwan, Aurifer

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Updated: July 04, 2022, 8:32 AM