Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has declared a two-week state of emergency in the Central Asian nation's biggest city Almaty and in the western Mangistau province where protests turned violent, his office said early on Wednesday.
The move includes an 11pm to 7am curfew, movement restrictions, and a ban on mass gatherings, documents published on the president's website said.
“Calls to attack government and military offices are absolutely illegal,” Mr Tokayev said in a video address a few hours earlier.
“The government will not fall, but we want mutual trust and dialogue rather than conflict.”
As he spoke, police in Almaty used teargas and stun grenades to stop hundreds of protesters from storming the mayor's office, a Reuters correspondent reported from the scene.
The oil-rich country's government announced late on Tuesday it was restoring some price caps on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) after the rare protests reached Almaty following a sharp rise in the price of the fuel at the start of the year.
Many Kazakhs have converted their cars to run on LPG, which is far cheaper than gasoline as a vehicle fuel in Kazakhstan because of price caps. But the government argued that the low price was unsustainable and lifted the caps on January 1.
After the price of the fuel spiked, rallies involving thousands of people erupted on January 2 in the town of Zhanaozen, an oil hub and site of deadly clashes between protesters and police a decade ago.
Demonstrations spread to other parts of surrounding Mangistau province and western Kazakhstan, including provincial centre Aktau and a worker camp used by subcontractors of Kazakhstan's biggest oil producer, Tengizchevroil. The Chevron-led venture said output had not been affected.
In Almaty, police appeared to have taken control of the main square shortly after deploying flashbang grenades, according to online video streams from the area. But explosions were heard for hours on nearby streets and in other parts of the city.
Videos published online showed torched police cars in the city, as well as armoured vehicles moving through one of its main thoroughfares.
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Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces (R), meets with Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (L), at Al Shati Palace. Rashed Al Mansoori / Ministry of Presidential Affairs -
Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces (8th R), meets with Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (9th R), at Al Shati Palace. Seen with Mohamed Mubarak Al Mazrouei, Undersecretary of the Crown Prince Court of Abu Dhabi (2nd R), Dr Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, UAE Minister of State, Chairman of Masdar and CEO of ADNOC Group (4th R), Dr Anwar bin Mohamed Gargash, UAE Minister of State for Foreign Affairs (5th R), Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed, UAE Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Presidential Affairs (6ht R) and Sheikh Tahnoon bin Zayed, UAE National Security Advisor (7th R). Rashed Al Mansoori / Ministry of Presidential Affairs -
Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces (not shown) and Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (not shown), witness an MOU signing ceremony at Al Shati Palace. Seen signing on behalf of the UAE is Prime Project Development Consultancy (R) with Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan (L). Rashed Al Mansoori / Ministry of Presidential Affairs
On Tuesday evening, the government announced it was restoring the price cap of 50 tenge (11 cents) per litre, or less than half the market price, in Mangistau province.
Public protests are illegal in the country of 19 million unless their organisers file a notice in advance.
Mr Tokayev, the hand-picked successor of Soviet-era Communist boss Nursultan Nazarbayev who stepped down in 2019, faces no political opposition in Parliament.
The president said on Twitter on Tuesday that he would hold a government meeting the following day to discuss the protesters' demands. He urged protesters to behave responsibly.
