HARARE // Zimbabweans voted in large numbers yesterday in a fiercely contested election pitting veteran President Robert Mugabe against Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai, who has vowed to push Africa's oldest leader into retirement after 33 years in power.
With no reliable opinion polls and amid allegations of vote-rigging, it is hard to say whether Mr Tsvangirai will succeed in his third attempt to oust 89-year-old Mr Mugabe, who has run the southern African nation since independence from Britain in 1980.
Both sides are forecasting landslide wins but in a country with a history of election violence the big question is whether the loser will accept the result of a poll dogged by logistical problems and reports of intimidation and irregularities.
Mr Mugabe, who rejects past and present charges from critics of vote-fixing and intimidation by his ZANU-PF party supporters, has said he will concede if defeated.
"I'm sure people will vote freely and fairly," he said after casting his ballot in a school in Harare's Highfields township.
"There's no pressure being exerted on anyone."
Polls opened with long queues of people braving unseasonably cold weather to stand in line from well before dawn.
At one polling station in the eastern province of Manicaland, a key swing region, the queue of voters, many wrapped up in blankets, stretched for a kilometre.
"I got up at 4 but still couldn't get the first position in the line," said sawmill worker Clifford Chasakara. "My fingers are numb but I'm sure I can mark the ballot all the same. I'm determined to vote and have my vote counted."
In Harare, the centre of Tsvangirai support, the mood was excited and upbeat. A large turnout, especially in cities, is likely to benefit the 61-year-old and his Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) party, analysts say.
"We are here to vote and I'm convinced Harare will lead the way to change," John Phiri, a domestic worker in his 30s, said in a polling station in the upmarket Mount Pleasant suburb.
Casting his vote at a Harare high school, Mr Mugabe's rival Mr Tsvangirai said he expected to win "quite resoundingly".
Around 6.4 million people, or half the population, are registered to vote. Results are expected well within a five-day deadline intended to prevent a repeat of problems seen in the last election in 2008, when big delays led to serious violence.
The threat of unrest remains at the back of people's minds but the atmosphere was markedly lighter than five years ago, with both party leaders preaching peace and tolerance.
The pair met at State House late on Tuesday in the presence of African Union (AU) monitoring chief Olusegun Obasanjo, an AU official said. Details of the meeting - an unusual encounter on the eve of an election - were not immediately known.
Asked at a news conference on Tuesday whether he and his ZANU-PF party would accept defeat, Mr Mugabe was unequivocal: "You either win or lose. If you lose, you must surrender."
His comments were in marked contrast to the acrimony of what he described as an "energy-sapping" campaign, and may help to ease fears about a repeat of the turmoil that broke out in 2008 after he lost the first round of voting.
Around 200 Tsvangirai supporters were killed then before South Africa brokered a power-sharing deal that stopped the bloodshed and stabilised the economy, but established a unity government criticised as fractious and dysfunctional.
Western observers have been barred from the elections, leaving the task of independent oversight to 500 regional and 7,000 domestic monitors.
