Sudan signs peace deal with one of last two holdout rebel groups

Truce with SPLM-N rests on Sudan's new constitution separating religion and state

Sudan's Sovereign Council Chief General Abdel Fattah Al Burhan, South Sudan's President Salva Kiir, and Sudan's Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok raise copies of a signed peace agreement with Sudan's five key rebel groups in Juba, South Sudan on August 31, 2020. ReutersShow less

Sudan and a key rebel group that had refused to join other opposition forces in a previous peace deal have signed their own agreement, officials on both sides said on Friday.

Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok and rebel chief Abdel Aziz Al Hilu signed the peace deal in neighbouring Ethiopia, Sudan's official news agency SUNA said, which posted pictures of the two men smiling and shaking hands.

The deal is significant because Mr Al Hilu, a veteran guerrilla fighter who leads a faction of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N), had been one of two rebel leaders who had rejected an earlier peace deal with Khartoum.

While Khartoum and Mr Al Hilu agreed to a "cessation of hostilities", the deal allows rebels to keep hold of their guns for "self-protection" until Sudan's constitution is changed to separate religion and government.

"For Sudan to become a democratic country where the rights of all citizens are enshrined, the constitution should be based on the principle of 'separation of religion and state', in the absence of which the right to self-determination must be respected," said a copy of the deal, confirmed to AFP by rebel spokesman Jack Mahmoud.

The agreement, signed late on Thursday in Ethiopia's capital Addis Ababa, follows a deal signed on Monday in South Sudan's capital Juba with leaders of a coalition of rebel forces, the Sudan Revolutionary Front (SRF).

The SRF brings together rebels from the war-ravaged western Darfur region, as well as the southern states of Blue Nile and South Kordofan, where Mr Al Hilu's SPLM-N is based.

Mr Al Hilu's stronghold in the Nuba Mountains of South Kordofan has a significant Christian community among its mainly non-Arab population and he has long championed a secular state to replace the Islamist regime of former president Omar Al Bashir which was overthrown in April last year.

The latest agreement means only one key group remains still fighting, a wing of the Darfur-based Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) led by Paris-based Abdelwahid Nour.

Fighting in Darfur alone left around 300,000 people dead after rebels took up arms in 2003.

Conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile erupted in 2011 as South Sudan seceded, resuming a war that had raged from 1983-2005.

Rebels fought troops deployed by Al Bashir, who is wanted by the International Criminal Court (ICC) over charges of genocide and crimes against humanity in the Darfur conflict.

While past peace deals have rapidly crumbled, ending war with the rebels has been a cornerstone policy of Sudan's transitional government, which came to power in the months after Al Bashir's overthrow.