Famine knocking at the door in Somalia, UN says

Situation in drought-stricken country made worse by effects of war in Ukraine

The UN says “famine is at the door” in Somalia, with “concrete indications” it will occur later this year in the southern Bay region.

Though this falls short of a formal famine declaration, thousands are dying in a historic drought made worse by the effects of the war in Ukraine.

UN humanitarian chief Martin Griffiths told reporters he was “shocked to my core these past few days” on a visit to Somalia, during which he saw starving babies too weak to cry.

More than 850,000 people are living in the affected areas, with tens of thousands more to arrive in the months to come, UN experts said.

A formal famine declaration is rare and a warning that too little help has come too late. At least one million people in Somalia have been displaced by the worst drought in decades that is also affecting the wider Horn of Africa, including Ethiopia and Kenya.

Famine is the extreme lack of food and a significant death rate from outright starvation or malnutrition combined with diseases such as cholera.

A declaration means data show more than a fifth of households have extreme food gaps, more than 30 per cent of children are acutely malnourished and more than two people out of 10,000 are dying every day.

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has been described as a disaster for Somalia, which has suffered from a shortage of humanitarian aid as international donors focus on Europe.

Somalia sourced at least 90 per cent of its wheat from Russia and Ukraine before the war and has been hit hard by scarcity and the sharp rise in food prices.

“Ukraine has occupied the narrative,” Mr Griffiths said.

Hungry families in Somalia have been staggering for days or weeks through parched terrain in search of assistance. Many bury family members along the way. Even when they reach camps outside urban areas, they find little or no help.

At one camp outside the capital, Mogadishu, Fadumo Abdi Aliyow showed the Associated Press the graves of her two sons next to their makeshift home. Disease had overwhelmed their weakened bodies. One was 4. The other was eight months old.

“I wanted to die before them so they could bury me,” Ms Aliyow said.

Another resident of the camp of 1,800 families, Samey Adan Mohamed, said the last meal she and her eight children had was rice a day ago. Today they had only tea.

Camps like theirs are ringed by death, bringing aid workers to tears.

“I couldn’t get out of my head the tiny mounds of ground marking children’s graves,” Rania Dagash, deputy regional director of the UN children's fun, said last week. “I’m from this region and I’ve never seen it so bad.”

A formal famine declaration might bring desperately needed funding. But “tragically, by the time a famine is declared, it’s already too late”, the UN World Food Programme has said.

When famine was declared in parts of Somalia in 2011, the deaths of a quarter of a million people were well under way.

“This is not a repeat of the 2011 famine. It is much worse,” the UN humanitarian agency said last week.

At least 730 children have died in nutrition centres across Somalia, it said, and more than 213,000 people are at “imminent risk” of dying.

“You feel like you’re looking at the face of death,” Mercy Corps chief executive Tjada McKenna told the AP after visiting the badly hit city of Baidoa.

Ms McKenna said there was not enough therapeutic food to treat the acutely malnourished.

“For every one person I saw, imagine all the people who couldn’t get that far. And so many people were arriving each day.”

At the same time, aid funding has dropped more than 60 per cent from the response to Somalia’s previous drought in 2017, USAID administrator Samantha Power said last week, noting a “degree of despair and devastation” not seen before in her career.

The Horn of Africa region has recorded four straight failed rainy seasons for the first time in more than half a century, endangering an estimated 20 million people in one of the world’s most impoverished and turbulent regions.

“Sadly, our models show with a high degree of confidence that we are entering the fifth consecutive failed rainy season,” the director of the regional climate prediction centre, Guleid Artan, has said.

“In Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia, we are on the brink of an unprecedented humanitarian catastrophe.”

The rainfall in this year’s failed March-to-May season was the lowest in the past six decades, Mr Artan said. Next year’s rainy season does not look good either, he said, worrying that “this could be the seven-year drought, the biblical one”.

Formal famine declarations are rare because data to meet the benchmarks often cannot be obtained because of conflict, poor infrastructure or politics. Governments can be wary of being associated with a term of such grim magnitude.

Somalia’s recently elected president, however, appointed a drought envoy in one of his first acts, which Mr Griffiths called “impressive”.

Because of the remote nature of Somalia’s drought, and with some hard-hit areas under the control of extremist group Al Shabab, which has been hostile to humanitarian efforts, no one knows how many people have died — or will in the months to come.

Hundreds of calls from across Somalia, including from Al Shabab-controlled areas, come in daily to the Somali-run Radio Ergo.

Some say no aid is available in camps. Others say water sources have run dry or lament the loss of millions of livestock that are the foundation of their health and wealth.

“People don’t cry because they want their voice to be heard,” radio editor Leyla Mohamed said. “But you can feel they are hurting, that they feel more than we can hear.”