For one French teenager in a Parisian district preparing to host the Summer Olympic Games next week, the legacy of the event has already been written in her own hopes of future glory.
Amateur fencer Kelis Assembe Ndoum, 15, has a national team hero to follow when the competition begins – and a handful of tickets the local government has given to local enthusiasts.
At the Grand Palais in the shadow of the Eiffel Tower, she will follow the fencing rounds as well as beach volleyball and women's football.
“There'll surely be connoisseurs and, of course, the energy will be better than if I sat at home alone watching it on TV,” she tells The National.
“I'd love to take part in the Olympic Games as an athlete one day."
Her idol, 32-year-old French champion Ysaora Thibus, is lined up to compete, hoping to add gold to the team silver she won in Tokyo three years ago.
“I want to get to the highest possible level and innovate to show that one can make a living being a fencer,” says Kelis as she scrolls through her phones to show her favourite fashion shoots including Palestinian-American supermodel Bella Hadid wearing fencing-inspired clothes.
What has given hope to Kelis has not spread throughout the French capital.
Outside, on the streets of Seine-Saint-Denis, the sense of neglect has not left and locals find it hard to show enthusiasm for the Games.
The path to becoming an athlete is riddled with obstacles in the department, which has the lowest number of sports facilities per inhabitant in France despite heavy investments by local authorities to democratise sports.
There are just over five gyms per 10,000 people in Seine-Saint-Denis, compared with eight per 10,000 in the richer Hauts-de-Seine.
Grumbles abound
The most popular city for tourists in the world, Paris will be the site of many high-profile events such as beach volleyball at the Eiffel Tower and fencing and taekwondo at the Grand Palais.
Seine-Saint-Denis is the poorest department of France but it is also home to the iconic stadium, the Stade de France. Crossing the divide between sports and popular interest is the ultimate test facing the organisers just over a week before the opening ceremony.
“Olympic Games are for the rich” and “we won't benefit from the Games” are oft-heard remarks.
Even free tickets struggle to find takers, say local authorities in the Seine-Saint-Denis neighbourhood of Montreuil, where Kelis trains.
She speaks with passion of her love of sports in a cafe of Montreuil, a multicultural town where close to a third of the population lives under the poverty line.
Kelis is one of two girls spotlighted for a documentary by the 28-year-old filmmaker Yassine Benhoumane. Working with the city hall's sports department, he is preparing a film to be broadcast after the Games that profiles six young athletes. There is also a breakdancer, a swimmer, a gymnast, a wrestler and a boxer.
Kelis was 13 when she started fencing in earnest at a new club opened with the support of the city hall in 2022, training with adults because there were no children when she first joined.
“I don't have any friends in the club. I like the adults but it'd be weird if we became close friends,” she says with a laugh.
Promoting Spotlight
“Fencing is one of those sports that's not promoted enough,” says Benhoumane. “But things are changing.”
Kelis developed her interest in sports – she also does judo and has dabbled in basketball – alone, even though her father, from Cameroon, was an avid footballer when he was young.
“I have more expectations for myself than my parents have of me,” she says.
Now, at 15, she has won several local and national competitions and is ranked 56th at national level.
From September, she will join a specialised high school with a compressed work schedule that ends at 2pm to free up afternoons for training.
Her favourite move is the so-called fleche, in which she runs with her epee – a fencing weapon closely related to the sword – at her opponent. She also likes to aim for the feet to surprise her adversary.
“I like the image that sports give me. I do loads of other things thanks to sports. Six months ago, I would have never thought I'd be profiled by my city in a documentary film. My teachers now have a higher opinion of me,” she says.
It's a reputation that appears well-deserved. In recent years Kelis has trained every weekday and competed most Sundays, waking up at 6am to take several buses carrying heavy bags – mostly on her own.
She lives with her sister and mother, a child carer, who sometimes struggles to find the energy to go with her to competitions.
“I can understand why it's not exactly pleasurable to wake up at 6am on a Sunday on a rainy winter day. At first, she was motivated and would film me. Now, I have to announce my points to her,” Kelis says.
Countdown to the Paris 2024 Olympic Games – in pictures
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The Olympic rings are illuminated on the Eiffel Tower before the start of the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris. Getty Images -
The Arc de Triomphe adorned with the Paralympic logo. Getty Images -
Riders and horses from Team Ireland practise dressage during an equestrian eventing training session at Chateau de Versailles. Getty Images -
A beach volleyball practice match at the Eiffel Tower Stadium. AP -
Boipelo Awuah of South Africa during skateboard training at La Concorde. Reuters -
French President Emmanuel Macron with athletes during a visit to the Olympic village. Reuters -
A view of the beach volleyball venue in Paris. AP -
People play basketball in front of the Hotel de Ville. Getty Images -
The skateboarding venue at La Concorde. AFP -
The interior of the Grand Palais, where fencing and taekwondo competitions will take place. Getty Images -
The Olympic village, as seen from the Village plaza in Saint-Denis. Getty Images -
French judoka Clarisse Agbegnenou holds the Olympic Torch next to Tony Estanguet, president of the organising committee of the 2024 Games, at the Eiffel Tower. AFP -
The Olympic Games logo at Bastille Square in Paris. EPA -
A soldier at a military camp in the Vincennes forest, on the outskirts of Paris. The camp will house 4,500 soldiers who will provide additional security during the Games. AP -
Torchbearers pose with the Olympic flame and dancers outside The Moulin Rouge. Reuters -
A banner bearing the Paris 2024 Olympic Games logo, at the Trocadero in Paris. AFP -
Lt Gen Christophe Abad, the Military Governor of Paris, holds the Olympic torch as he rides past officials including President Emmanuel Macron and his wife Brigitte during the Bastille Day military parade. AFP -
The Eiffel Tower Stadium as workers prepare the venue that will host beach volleyball events. Getty Images -
Workers set up internet cables inside the handball arena in Paris. Getty Images -
Torch bearer and French BMX world champion Matthias Dandois performs after holding the Olympic flame at the Trocadero in front of the Eiffel Tower. AFP -
Olympic rings are installed in front of the Nantes train station. AFP -
Members of the public take photos in front of the countdown clock for the Games at Port de la Bourfonnais, near the Eiffel Tower, in Paris. PA -
Stands are constructed at Place de la Concorde ahead of the Games. PA -
Tourists stand on the Sacre-Coeur Basilica stairs painted with the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games colours. Reuters -
The big screens at Piccadilly Circus in London marking 100 days to go before the Games begin. PA -
People watch as former British Olympic artistic swimmers Asha George, Katie Clark, Sisy Wang and Emily Kuhl perform in a water tank in London to mark 100 days before the Games. Reuters -
Stands are constructed on the Champ-de-Mars, near the Eiffel Tower. PA -
Greek actress Mary Mina, playing the role of High Priestess, lights the flame during the Olympic Flame lighting ceremony in Greece for the Paris 2024 Olympics. Reuters -
Workers build stands for this summer's Olympic Games on the Champ-de-Mars, beside the Eiffel Tower in Paris. AP -
French skipper Armel Le Cleac'h poses with the Olympic torch and the Olympic lantern, in Paris. Navigator Mr Le Cleac'h will carry the Olympic flame from Brest to the Antilles next June in the ocean torch relay, which will visit six French overseas territories. AFP -
Workers construct banks of seating in front of the obelisk at the La Concorde Urban Park site in central Paris. AFP -
Police officers, military personnel, rescue workers and firefighters take part in an exercise simulating a terrorist attack at the Groupama Stadium in Decines-Charpieu, eastern France. AFP -
Activists hold a banner that translates to: 'Do not leave exclusion as a legacy', during a protest to raise awareness of the social impact of the Olympics in Paris. AP -
Grandstands are set up in the gardens of Chateau de Versailles, where equestrian events and the modern pentathlon will be held. EPA -
The facade of Paris City Hall is decorated with the Olympic rings. EPA -
Some of the French capital's Metro stations have changed their name for Olympic year. EPA -
Maintenance work is carried out at the swimming pools in the Aquatics Centre, built for the Olympics in Saint Denis. AFP -
Two official Olympic 'Phryges' mascots on parade at the headquarters of the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Organising Committee. AFP -
The Champ-de-Mars Arena is taking shape. It will host judo, para judo, wrestling and wheelchair rugby, with beach volleyball held nearby. AP -
Olympic gold, silver and bronze medals in a Louis Vuitton medals trunk, which will transport and protect the gongs. Reuters -
Members of the French National Police elite unit take part in an exercise drill in the Paris suburb of Draveil. AFP -
The Media Village that will host journalists from around the world, in Le Bourget. AFP -
Activists pose with Olympic rings outside the Orsay Museum in Paris, during a demonstration to draw attention to social inequality they say will be exacerbated by the coming event. AFP -
Employees work on outfits for volunteers at a manufacturing workshop in Marseille. AFP -
A test for the Olympic torch relay in Troyes. Reuters -
A French police officer demonstrates how an anti-drone gun works during a media presentation of security systems at a military base in Velizy-Vallacoublay, south-west of Paris. AFP
She praises her mother for supporting her ambitions on a tight family budget. Money is a source of stress at home, says Kelis, who does not own any of her swords or protective outfit but borrows them from her club.
“My mother sacrifices herself for us so that we don't lack anything. There are things I won't ask her to buy like a whole fencing set,” she adds. A protective jacket alone costs more than €70.
As she prepares for travel internationally to compete next year, she wonders if it's worth finally buying her own gear.
“My mum and I need more information,” she said, showing maturity beyond her years.
World-class ambitions
One day, she hopes, she'll become a world champion and combine her passion for fencing with her love of fashion and art – much like 32-year-old Ms Thibus, who has had a rollercoaster year of suspension after a drug test, which was then dropped, followed by injury last month in a training session. She is aiming for gold in both the individual and team events.
Like many teenagers, Kelis has no particular interest in politics, although it has played an important role in getting her into competition.
One of the few remaining bastions of the “red belt” – a reference to the French Communist Party's former grip on industrial Parisian suburbs – Montreuil has a history of investing in sports, although it currently needs €6 billion to reach the same level of infrastructure as the French average, according to sports municipal councillor Olivier Charles.
Montreuil's most recent gymnasium was built in 1974 and its annual sports budget is just €4 million.
State support
When Kelis's first fencing club closed down, Mr Charles, a former rugby coach, reached out to another one in neighbouring Bondy to ask them to also install in Montreuil – and it worked.
The idea is to popularise sports that are often viewed as only for the rich such as fencing, which often only pops up in conversation when watching duels in period dramas.
“It's working really well,” Mr Charles says.
Like many local officials, his expectations regarding the Olympic Games are low.
In an interview, Seine-Saint-Denis department sports councillor Zainaba Said-Anzum pushed back against the idea that Montreuil and other cities have been neglected, saying that 600 companies and more than 2,000 people from the department have worked on preparing the Games within its boundaries.
“We have brought sports in the public sphere in 24 different sites,” she says. “The department will include the media village and the athletes' village – in no way have some areas been favoured compared to others.”
In Montreuil, the only change the Games have brought is the renovation of a 10-metre deep swimming pool used by divers for training, says Mr Charles.
This has also caused grumbling because the renovation and usage by athletes will have barred locals from using it for nearly two years.
“I hope that if there are economic benefits, they'll help us renovate our infrastructure and build new gymnasiums,” says Mr Charles. “Otherwise there isn't much point.”
