Just 20 years ago, polio had been eliminated from most countries and remained endemic in just six thanks to widespread immunisation and gargantuan humanitarian efforts to keep the crippling infectious disease at bay. But as the final round of emergency polio vaccinations for 119,279 children trapped in the war-torn north of Gaza is suspended, hopes of eradicating polio worldwide have taken a backwards step.
In what looked like a vaccination success story of the modern age, with the Western Pacific declared polio-free in 2000, and the disease eliminated completely from the Americas six years earlier, worldwide cases plummeted by 99 per cent. By 2002, Europe was declared free of the wild poliovirus and it was no longer circulating across Africa by 2020.
If health workers can't access the end person, like infants, it is going to be impossible to eradicate
Dr Vijay Acharya,
consultan paediatrician, Burjeel Medical City
That success has hit a considerable roadblock, with a mutated strain originating from an oral vaccine appearing in the sewers of London and New York, and a much-vaunted vaccination campaign in Pakistan coming off the rails. A rise in cases has delivered a significant blow to the World Health Organisation efforts to wipe out the paralysing disease in its entirety.
Health authorities in Pakistan reported more than a dozen new cases in October, bringing the total number of infections in 2024 to 39 in the country, a concerning leap from just six last year. Paired with low vaccination uptake and more than a million children understood to have missed their polio immunisation, it is a warning sign that cannot be ignored.
Success story
World Polio Day is marked on October 24 each year and serves as a reminder of the challenges ahead. It is an opportunity to mark the global success in reducing the number of infections that in the mid-20th century killed or paralysed more than 500,000 people every year.
A world free from polio became tantalisingly close, thanks to humanitarian efforts driven by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) and its charitable partners. Global conflicts, mass migration and vaccine hesitancy driven by misinformation channelled through social media has seen a resurgence in polio, plunging the futures of millions of children into doubt.
Dr Arif Khan, a paediatric neurologist at Fakeeh University Hospital in Dubai, worked in India in the late 1990s and recalled treating young patients affected by the virus. “Because of good vaccination programmes, the chain of spread was blocked and in 1988 there were close to 350,000 cases worldwide, and that has come down to just a few numbers now,” he said.
“But once you have large conflicts and wars the chain of vaccinations is broken, and there's a chance of the virus spreading between populations and the numbers increasing. World Polio Day is essential to bring about the awareness and to make sure that the four doses required are followed to the core.
“In India we used to see sporadic polio in children or young adults with spasticity who were unable to walk, or only with crutches. They were not vaccinated and had a bout of polio infection in their childhood.
“We did see these cases in India and Pakistan in the 90s, but even that had come down significantly. We had almost won this battle with polio, the last few shreds are left – we just need to cover them.”
Vaccine delivery
The challenges of delivering vaccines have been sharply focused in Gaza. Decimated infrastructure, blockades and constant shelling have made it almost impossible for the most vulnerable to access the vaccines they desperately need.
A $20 million donation from Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, will step up immunisation programmes, including polio, across the Gaza Strip, West Bank and Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon. In August, the UAE pledged $5 million to support polio vaccinations in Gaza.
Help cannot come soon enough, said Dr Sania Nishtar, Gavi’s chief executive. "Gavi is committed to helping address the urgent health and humanitarian crisis in Palestine and for the Palestinian refugees in Lebanon,” she said.
“We commend the tireless efforts of our partners, who continue to deliver essential health services in the most challenging conditions. Together, we must do everything we can to ensure that children, amid the horror of their daily lives, are given every opportunity to access their basic right to a healthy start in life.”
A fatal threat
Polio is fatal in between 5 and 10 per cent of those it paralyses, usually children. The virus attacks the central nervous system, particularly in the spinal cord and brain stem. In the most serious cases, poliomyelitis can lead to limb paralysis, breathing difficulties and death.
A perfect storm of poor sanitation, overcrowding in refugee camps and disruption to affective, regular immunisation programmes by local health authorities have placed thousands of children at risk of polio and other preventable disease, across Gaza, Lebanon and wider Middle East. What vaccines are able to get through the blockades to reach those "zero dose" unvaccinated children are being delivered by Unicef, the International Federation of Red Cross (IFRC), the Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) and Lebanese Red Cross (LRC).
Adele Khodr, Unicef regional director for the Middle East and North Africa, said millions of vaccines had reached their destination, but more work was required. “In conflict-affected settings such as the State of Palestine and Lebanon, children are among the most vulnerable, and immunisation is often their last line of defence,” said Ms Khodr. “This funding is not just an investment in vaccines – it’s an investment in their lives.
“In Gaza, since the onset of the conflict, Unicef has managed to procure and deliver more than 1.55 million doses of different vaccines administered through routine vaccination; and over 1.65 million doses of polio vaccine recently used to respond to the polio outbreak in Gaza. We continue calling for a ceasefire to allow children and women to access essential life-saving health interventions including vaccination.”
In August, experts told The National it was likely polio had been circulating in Gaza since September 2023, and has since started to gain a dangerous foothold in the enclave. Dr Hamid Jafari, who is director of the WHO polio eradication programme, called the risk of polio spreading beyond regional borders a “clear and present danger”, with Syria, Egypt and Jordan most at risk from further infections. “The only way to stop this outbreak is a series of mass vaccination campaigns,” Dr Jafari said.
To halt the spread of polio, all children need a series of four vaccination doses. Disruption to vaccination schedules caused by conflict and displacement threatens to unravel the decades of work to protect children across the world.
Experienced paediatrician Dr Vijay Acharya, a former lecturer in childhood disease at the University of Leeds who now works at Burjeel Medical City in Abu Dhabi, said rural, tribal areas of Pakistan have been difficult for healthcare workers to access. “Most polio workers are ladies who have been attacked, or they've been mugged when they tried to access these tribal areas to deliver vaccines,” he said.
“Despite that length of effort, the WHO has not been able to eradicate polio, and is something we need to be very mindful about. The whole purpose of World Polio Day is to eventually eradicate polio from the world and also to drive vaccinations forward.
“But if health workers can't access the end person, like infants, it is going to be impossible to eradicate. People don't know the effects of polio, or that it is a very infectious disease.
“It is easy to prevent, but people are probably a bit complacent and there's a lot of hesitancy now towards some vaccines. Some migrants who probably don't get consistent education and refugees who find it difficult to access information on vaccines, this is where we are falling short.”
More on Quran memorisation:
Inside%20Out%202
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Our legal consultant
Name: Dr Hassan Mohsen Elhais
Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.
The Vile
Starring: Bdoor Mohammad, Jasem Alkharraz, Iman Tarik, Sarah Taibah
Director: Majid Al Ansari
Rating: 4/5
'Will%20of%20the%20People'
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Tips to stay safe during hot weather
- Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, especially water. Avoid alcohol and caffeine, which can increase dehydration.
- Seek cool environments: Use air conditioning, fans, or visit community spaces with climate control.
- Limit outdoor activities: Avoid strenuous activity during peak heat. If outside, seek shade and wear a wide-brimmed hat.
- Dress appropriately: Wear lightweight, loose and light-coloured clothing to facilitate heat loss.
- Check on vulnerable people: Regularly check in on elderly neighbours, young children and those with health conditions.
- Home adaptations: Use blinds or curtains to block sunlight, avoid using ovens or stoves, and ventilate living spaces during cooler hours.
- Recognise heat illness: Learn the signs of heat exhaustion and heat stroke (dizziness, confusion, rapid pulse, nausea), and seek medical attention if symptoms occur.
Global state-owned investor ranking by size
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TRAP
Starring: Josh Hartnett, Saleka Shyamalan, Ariel Donaghue
Director: M Night Shyamalan
Rating: 3/5
Remaining Fixtures
Wednesday: West Indies v Scotland
Thursday: UAE v Zimbabwe
Friday: Afghanistan v Ireland
Sunday: Final
LIVING IN...
This article is part of a guide on where to live in the UAE. Our reporters will profile some of the country’s most desirable districts, provide an estimate of rental prices and introduce you to some of the residents who call each area home.
The specs
Engine: 2.0-litre turbo 4-cyl
Transmission: eight-speed auto
Power: 190bhp
Torque: 300Nm
Price: Dh169,900
On sale: now
THE LOWDOWN
Romeo Akbar Walter
Rating: 2/5 stars
Produced by: Dharma Productions, Azure Entertainment
Directed by: Robby Grewal
Cast: John Abraham, Mouni Roy, Jackie Shroff and Sikandar Kher
The specs
Price, base / as tested Dh12 million
Engine 8.0-litre quad-turbo, W16
Gearbox seven-speed dual clutch auto
Power 1479 @ 6,700rpm
Torque 1600Nm @ 2,000rpm 0-100kph: 2.6 seconds 0-200kph: 6.1 seconds
Top speed 420 kph (governed)
Fuel economy, combined 35.2L / 100km (est)
CONCRETE COWBOY
Directed by: Ricky Staub
Starring: Idris Elba, Caleb McLaughlin, Jharrel Jerome
3.5/5 stars
THE SPECS
Engine: 2.0-litre 4-cylinder turbo
Power: 275hp at 6,600rpm
Torque: 353Nm from 1,450-4,700rpm
Transmission: 8-speed dual-clutch auto
Top speed: 250kph
Fuel consumption: 6.8L/100km
On sale: Now
Price: Dh146,999
Key facilities
- Olympic-size swimming pool with a split bulkhead for multi-use configurations, including water polo and 50m/25m training lanes
- Premier League-standard football pitch
- 400m Olympic running track
- NBA-spec basketball court with auditorium
- 600-seat auditorium
- Spaces for historical and cultural exploration
- An elevated football field that doubles as a helipad
- Specialist robotics and science laboratories
- AR and VR-enabled learning centres
- Disruption Lab and Research Centre for developing entrepreneurial skills
THE BIO
Bio Box
Role Model: Sheikh Zayed, God bless his soul
Favorite book: Zayed Biography of the leader
Favorite quote: To be or not to be, that is the question, from William Shakespeare's Hamlet
Favorite food: seafood
Favorite place to travel: Lebanon
Favorite movie: Braveheart
Who's who in Yemen conflict
Houthis: Iran-backed rebels who occupy Sanaa and run unrecognised government
Yemeni government: Exiled government in Aden led by eight-member Presidential Leadership Council
Southern Transitional Council: Faction in Yemeni government that seeks autonomy for the south
Habrish 'rebels': Tribal-backed forces feuding with STC over control of oil in government territory
SPEC%20SHEET%3A%20APPLE%20M3%20MACBOOK%20AIR%20(13%22)
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The%20specs
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COMPANY%20PROFILE
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COMPANY PROFILE
Founders: Sebastian Stefan, Sebastian Morar and Claudia Pacurar
Based: Dubai, UAE
Founded: 2014
Number of employees: 36
Sector: Logistics
Raised: $2.5 million
Investors: DP World, Prime Venture Partners and family offices in Saudi Arabia and the UAE
LAST-16 FIXTURES
Sunday, January 20
3pm: Jordan v Vietnam at Al Maktoum Stadium, Dubai
6pm: Thailand v China at Hazza bin Zayed Stadium, Al Ain
9pm: Iran v Oman at Mohamed bin Zayed Stadium, Abu Dhabi
Monday, January 21
3pm: Japan v Saudi Arabia at Sharjah Stadium
6pm: Australia v Uzbekistan at Khalifa bin Zayed Stadium, Al Ain
9pm: UAE v Kyrgyzstan at Zayed Sports City Stadium, Abu Dhabi
Tuesday, January 22
5pm: South Korea v Bahrain at Rashid Stadium, Dubai
8pm: Qatar v Iraq at Al Nahyan Stadium, Abu Dhabi
Points to remember
- Debate the issue, don't attack the person
- Build the relationship and dialogue by seeking to find common ground
- Express passion for the issue but be aware of when you're losing control or when there's anger. If there is, pause and take some time out.
- Listen actively without interrupting
- Avoid assumptions, seek understanding, ask questions
Squad
Ali Kasheif, Salim Rashid, Khalifa Al Hammadi, Khalfan Mubarak, Ali Mabkhout, Omar Abdulrahman, Mohammed Al Attas, Abdullah Ramadan, Zayed Al Ameri (Al Jazira), Mohammed Al Shamsi, Hamdan Al Kamali, Mohammed Barghash, Khalil Al Hammadi (Al Wahda), Khalid Essa, Mohammed Shaker, Ahmed Barman, Bandar Al Ahbabi (Al Ain), Al Hassan Saleh, Majid Suroor (Sharjah) Walid Abbas, Ahmed Khalil (Shabab Al Ahli), Tariq Ahmed, Jasim Yaqoub (Al Nasr), Ali Saleh, Ali Salmeen (Al Wasl), Hassan Al Muharami (Baniyas)
GAC GS8 Specs
Engine: 2.0-litre 4cyl turbo
Power: 248hp at 5,200rpm
Torque: 400Nm at 1,750-4,000rpm
Transmission: 8-speed auto
Fuel consumption: 9.1L/100km
On sale: Now
Price: From Dh149,900
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SPECS
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Common OCD symptoms and how they manifest
Checking: the obsession or thoughts focus on some harm coming from things not being as they should, which usually centre around the theme of safety. For example, the obsession is “the building will burn down”, therefore the compulsion is checking that the oven is switched off.
Contamination: the obsession is focused on the presence of germs, dirt or harmful bacteria and how this will impact the person and/or their loved ones. For example, the obsession is “the floor is dirty; me and my family will get sick and die”, the compulsion is repetitive cleaning.
Orderliness: the obsession is a fear of sitting with uncomfortable feelings, or to prevent harm coming to oneself or others. Objectively there appears to be no logical link between the obsession and compulsion. For example,” I won’t feel right if the jars aren’t lined up” or “harm will come to my family if I don’t line up all the jars”, so the compulsion is therefore lining up the jars.
Intrusive thoughts: the intrusive thought is usually highly distressing and repetitive. Common examples may include thoughts of perpetrating violence towards others, harming others, or questions over one’s character or deeds, usually in conflict with the person’s true values. An example would be: “I think I might hurt my family”, which in turn leads to the compulsion of avoiding social gatherings.
Hoarding: the intrusive thought is the overvaluing of objects or possessions, while the compulsion is stashing or hoarding these items and refusing to let them go. For example, “this newspaper may come in useful one day”, therefore, the compulsion is hoarding newspapers instead of discarding them the next day.
Source: Dr Robert Chandler, clinical psychologist at Lighthouse Arabia
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NYBL PROFILE
Company name: Nybl
Date started: November 2018
Founder: Noor Alnahhas, Michael LeTan, Hafsa Yazdni, Sufyaan Abdul Haseeb, Waleed Rifaat, Mohammed Shono
Based: Dubai, UAE
Sector: Software Technology / Artificial Intelligence
Initial investment: $500,000
Funding round: Series B (raising $5m)
Partners/Incubators: Dubai Future Accelerators Cohort 4, Dubai Future Accelerators Cohort 6, AI Venture Labs Cohort 1, Microsoft Scale-up
%3Cp%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalnews.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fislamic-economy-consumer-spending-to-increase-45-to-3-2tn-by-2024-1.936583%22%20target%3D%22_self%22%3EGlobal%20Islamic%20economy%20to%20grow%203.1%25%20to%20touch%20%242.4%20trillion%20by%202024%3C%2Fa%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalnews.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fuk-economy-plunges-into-worst-ever-recession-after-record-20-4-contraction-1.1062560%22%20target%3D%22_self%22%3EUK%20economy%20plunges%20into%20worst-ever%20recession%20after%20record%2020.4%25%20contraction%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalnews.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fislamic-economy-consumer-spending-to-increase-45-to-3-2tn-by-2024-1.936583%22%20target%3D%22_self%22%3EIslamic%20economy%20consumer%20spending%20to%20increase%2045%25%20to%20%243.2tn%20by%202024%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Sri Lanka's T20I squad
Thisara Perera (captain), Dilshan Munaweera, Danushka Gunathilaka, Sadeera Samarawickrama, Ashan Priyanjan, Mahela Udawatte, Dasun Shanaka, Sachith Pathirana, Vikum Sanjaya, Lahiru Gamage, Seekkuge Prasanna, Vishwa Fernando, Isuru Udana, Jeffrey Vandersay and Chathuranga de Silva.
Our family matters legal consultant
Name: Dr Hassan Mohsen Elhais
Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.