Fourteen men have gone on trial in Paris on smuggling charges related to the drowning of more than 30 people five years ago, the worst disaster on record involving migrants in the English Channel.
The people died after their overloaded dinghy deflated as they made the perilous crossing from France to the UK, across one of the world's busiest shipping lanes.
Investigators allege that Afghan and Iraqi-Kurdish smuggling networks organised the migrants' passage to Britain from camps near Grande-Synthe and Calais in northern France. The defendants face charges including involuntary manslaughter, facilitating illegal immigration as part of an organised gang and criminal conspiracy.
A French fishing vessel alerted emergency services after spotting bodies floating in the waters off the French coast near Calais in November 2021, according to the court referral order. Twenty-seven victims were recovered, while at least four others were never found. Only two men survived.
The victims were mainly Iraqi Kurds, but also included Afghans, Ethiopians, an Egyptian, a Somali, an Iranian Kurd and a Vietnamese national. The youngest known victim was a seven-year-old girl.
The migrants had been packed on to a flimsy dinghy that was non-certified and unfit for open-sea navigation, and was not equipped with enough life jackets, the court document showed. Experts concluded its occupants had “no chance” of effectively dealing with an emergency at sea.
Among the defendants facing involuntary manslaughter charges are alleged organisers, transporters and logistics co-ordinators connected to the smuggling groups. Prosecutors argue their actions helped create the conditions that led to the disaster, even if some were not physically present when the boat launched.
Two defendants' lawyers said their clients could not be held responsible for the deaths as they played minor roles in the chain of events.
Lawyer Marie Guegot's client is accused of manslaughter for having housed one of the victims before they took the boat.
“For him, he was hosting a friend from his village in Afghanistan. We don’t have those responsible, the heads of the network, here,” she said.
Deaths were 'avoidable'
Two of the defendants have eluded French authorities and will be tried in absentia.
A British inquiry into the disaster found the deaths were avoidable. It concluded that a French naval vessel failed to respond to a call for help from the British coastguard, which in turn made “a number of flawed decisions”, including ending a search for survivors too early.
Members of the French military are currently under formal investigation for failing to help the migrants when they were in danger.
“This is the first step of the legal process with this trial that concerns the smugglers. And the next step will be the trial, hopefully, for the marines,” said Thomas Ricard, one of the lawyers for the victims' families.
Nine people who came from Erbil, in Iraqi Kurdistan, were due to testify at the trial, Mr Ricard added. “That will allow them some recovery as part of this long process of grief.”
The trial is expected to end on September 30.
