Lebanon Tribunal overturns acquittal of two men for 2005 Hariri bombing

Presiding judge issues arrest warrants for both men

Rafik Hariri, left, and his bodyguard Yahya Arab, leave the Parliament in Beirut, Lebanon in 2005. Minutes later, Hariri and several of his bodyguards were killed in a massive bomb explosion. AP

The site of devastation where former Lebanon prime minister Hariri was assassinated in the blast in Beirut on February 14, 2005. AFP

Supporters of former Lebanese prime minister Hariri after Hariri's death outside his house in Beirut. AFP

The national flag-draped coffin of Hariri is carried to his final resting place in central Beirut two days after the killing. AFP

Saad Hariri and other family members leave their family home to join the funeral procession. AFP

A combination of handout pictures obtained on July 29, 2011 from the website of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon shows four Hezbollah suspects indicted in the assassination case of Hariri, (from top left to right) Mustafa Amine Badreddine, Assad Hassan Sabra, Hussein Hassan Oneissi and Salim Jamil Ayyash. AFP

An avenue in central Beirut destroyed by 18 months of civil war is pictured, November 15, 1976. AFP

Hariri on October 22, 1992 in Beirut, after being nominated as prime minister by then president Elias Hrawi. AFP

Hariri and his wife Nazic on September 1, 1996 in their villa in Beirut. AFP

Then French president Jacques Chirac greets Hariri at the Elysee Palace in Paris, September 28, 1996. AFP

Sheikh Zayed, the Founding Father, meets Hariri in Dubai on March 17, 1999. Hariri was in Dubai for a three-day official visit. AFP

Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashed, then Crown Prince of Dubai, drives Hariri in Dubai on March 6, 2000. AFP

Hariri meets Syrian President Bashar al Assad on the sidelines of the Arab summit in Beirut, March 27, 2002. AFP

Lebanese policemen gather at the site where outgoing economy and trade minister Marwan Hamadeh's car was targeted by a bomb in Beirut on October 1, 2004. AFP

The Hariri monument in Beirut. Reuters

Appeals judges at the Special Tribunal for Lebanon on Thursday overturned the acquittal of two men for their role in the 2005 assassination of former prime minister Rafik Hariri.

The presiding judge will also issue arrest warrants for the pair, who were tried in absentia.

The appeals chamber “found that the Trial Chamber committed errors of law invalidating the judgment and errors of fact occasioning a miscarriage of justice,” a statement issued by the tribunal in the Netherlands said.

In August 2020, judges convicted Salim Jamil Ayyash, a former member of Hezbollah, in absentia for his role in the bombing that killed veteran Sunni Muslim politician Hariri and 21 others.

Since then, prosecutors have sought the conviction on appeal of two additional men, Hassan Habib Merhi and Hussein Hassan Oneissi, who were acquitted, also in absentia.

The Lebanon tribunal was created by a 2007 UN Security Council resolution. Funded by voluntary contributions and the Lebanese government, the court said in June it was at risk of closing due to financial problems.

The appeals chamber found Merhi and Oneissi guilty of several crimes, including conspiracy aimed at committing a terrorist act and being an accomplice to the felony of attempted intentional homicide.

It is unlikely that the two men, who remain at large, will ever be arrested.

Like Ayyash, they are believed to be protected by Hezbollah, said Moustafa Alloushe, a former MP of the assassinated prime minister's Future Movement party.

"They are three soldiers from the [Iranian] Revolutionary Guard who went and did what they were ordered to do," he said in a reference to Iran, the main international supporter of Hezbollah, a powerful political party that also wields a strong regional militia.

Hezbollah has always denied wrongdoing and its secretary general, Hassan Nasrallah, has sought to discredit the STL. He has vowed never to allow any STL suspect to be extradited to stand trial.

"This is the problem with the tribunal. Those who gave the orders get away with it," said Mr Alloushe, who recently resigned from his post as vice president of the Future Movement.

Hariri's political legacy is currently in disarray after his son and political heir's decision to back out of politics only weeks from parliamentary elections.

But Mr Alloushe said that Thursday's conviction remained "relevant" in case one day Hezbollah's grip on Lebanon weakened.

"What will happen later depends on the balance of power in Lebanon, the region and the rest of the world," he said.