Fossil fuels made up 84 per cent of the global energy mix in 2023, demonstrating the scale of the challenge ahead. PA
Fossil fuels made up 84 per cent of the global energy mix in 2023, demonstrating the scale of the challenge ahead. PA
Fossil fuels made up 84 per cent of the global energy mix in 2023, demonstrating the scale of the challenge ahead. PA
Fossil fuels made up 84 per cent of the global energy mix in 2023, demonstrating the scale of the challenge ahead. PA

Shell climate case win highlights challenges of tackling Scope 3 emissions


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Shell’s successful appeal against a Dutch climate ruling highlights the challenge in tackling emissions produced from the use of petroleum products, also called Scope 3. The major climate ruling from 2021 ordered a 45 per cent reduction in Shell's absolute carbon emissions by 2030 compared to 2019 levels, including both direct and indirect emissions.

On Tuesday, a Dutch court overturned the ruling against Shell, but said that the company has a responsibility to lower greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate climate change. The court noted that Shell was already making progress on its direct emissions targets and sided with the company’s argument that a strict order to reduce Scope 3 emissions could potentially harm the environment by encouraging consumers to switch to more polluting alternatives like coal.

“The main outcome to be looked at is the fact that the Dutch court has revoked or thrown out the issue that a company like Shell should be looking at Scope 3 emissions, as this was part of the former ruling,” said Cyril Widdershoven, an analyst at the think tank Strategy International. Scope 3 emissions should be addressed, but the legal basis for holding a company accountable for emissions from the use of its products remains unclear, Mr Widdershoven told The National.

Emissions from the use of oil products account for 80 per cent to 95 per cent of total carbon emissions from oil and gas companies, but only a small number of firms have set targets to reduce Scope 3 emissions. Unlike Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions, which can be directly addressed through operational changes and new technologies, Scope 3 emissions present a more complex challenge, as they rely on influencing the behaviour of consumers and other businesses, which is outside of a company's direct control.

“A court ruling would not reduce overall customer demand for products such as petrol and diesel for cars, or for gas to heat and power homes and businesses,” Shell said in a statement on Tuesday. It would “do little” to reduce emissions, as customers would take their business elsewhere, the company added.

Fossil fuels made up 84 per cent of the global energy mix in 2023, according to the latest Statistical Review of World Energy report. Disruptions to natural gas supply – seen as a transitional fuel – can prompt power plants to switch to burning coal, which has roughly double the carbon intensity of gas. Currently, Scope 3 is not directly addressed in any of the main climate charters or agreements.

  • Participants at the Cop29 venue in Baku, Azerbaijan. Reuters
    Participants at the Cop29 venue in Baku, Azerbaijan. Reuters
  • Jochen Flasbarth, State Secretary in the German Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development, speaks in the Germany pavilion. Getty Images
    Jochen Flasbarth, State Secretary in the German Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development, speaks in the Germany pavilion. Getty Images
  • Nuclear power activists demonstrate. AP
    Nuclear power activists demonstrate. AP
  • Activists hold a protest calling on developed nations to provide financing. Reuters
    Activists hold a protest calling on developed nations to provide financing. Reuters
  • An activist holds up a sign. Reuters
    An activist holds up a sign. Reuters
  • Conference participants arrive on day four. Getty Images
    Conference participants arrive on day four. Getty Images
  • Another protest. Reuters
    Another protest. Reuters
  • From left, Jorge Perez, Rolando Escobar, Miguel Vasquez and Esteban Cama at a session on Indigenous communities in the Peruvian Amazon. AP
    From left, Jorge Perez, Rolando Escobar, Miguel Vasquez and Esteban Cama at a session on Indigenous communities in the Peruvian Amazon. AP
  • President Sheikh Mohamed attends the World Leaders Climate Action Summit at Cop29, in Azerbaijan's capital Baku. UAE Presidential Court
    President Sheikh Mohamed attends the World Leaders Climate Action Summit at Cop29, in Azerbaijan's capital Baku. UAE Presidential Court
  • Sheikh Mohamed greets Recep Tayyip Erdogan, President of Turkey. WAM
    Sheikh Mohamed greets Recep Tayyip Erdogan, President of Turkey. WAM
  • British Prime Minister Keir Starmer at Cop29. Bloomberg
    British Prime Minister Keir Starmer at Cop29. Bloomberg
  • Ding Xuexiang, China's first Vice Premier, at Cop29. Bloomberg
    Ding Xuexiang, China's first Vice Premier, at Cop29. Bloomberg
  • Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orban at a plenary session at Cop29. AP
    Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orban at a plenary session at Cop29. AP
  • Sudan's military leader Abdel Fattah Al Burhan, at Cop29. Bloomberg
    Sudan's military leader Abdel Fattah Al Burhan, at Cop29. Bloomberg
  • World leaders pose for a group photo at the Cop29 United Nations Climate Change Conference, in Baku, Azerbaijan. AP
    World leaders pose for a group photo at the Cop29 United Nations Climate Change Conference, in Baku, Azerbaijan. AP
  • Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban, left, stands next to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Reuters
    Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban, left, stands next to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Reuters
  • Antonio Guterres, UN secretary-general, addresses Cop29. Bloomberg
    Antonio Guterres, UN secretary-general, addresses Cop29. Bloomberg
  • Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev speaks during the Cop29 opening ceremony. Reuters
    Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev speaks during the Cop29 opening ceremony. Reuters
  • Rafael Grossi, director general of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), at Cop29. Bloomberg
    Rafael Grossi, director general of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), at Cop29. Bloomberg
  • Activists demonstrate for climate justice and a ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza, on day one of Cop29. AP
    Activists demonstrate for climate justice and a ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza, on day one of Cop29. AP
  • Cop28 President Dr Sultan Al Jaber and Cop29 President Mukhtar Babayev at the official handover. AFP
    Cop28 President Dr Sultan Al Jaber and Cop29 President Mukhtar Babayev at the official handover. AFP
  • Dr Al Jaber, Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology, delivers a speech during the opening of Cop29 in Baku. AFP
    Dr Al Jaber, Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology, delivers a speech during the opening of Cop29 in Baku. AFP
  • Mr Babayev speaks during the opening plenary session. AP
    Mr Babayev speaks during the opening plenary session. AP
  • An installation depicting a beached whale by the Belgian art collective Captain Boomer on an embankment in Baku. EPA
    An installation depicting a beached whale by the Belgian art collective Captain Boomer on an embankment in Baku. EPA
  • The Turkey Solidarity Centre pavilion. Bloomberg
    The Turkey Solidarity Centre pavilion. Bloomberg
  • Simon Stiell, executive secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, speaks during the opening ceremony. EPA
    Simon Stiell, executive secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, speaks during the opening ceremony. EPA
  • People begin arriving for the start of Cop29 in Baku. Bloomberg
    People begin arriving for the start of Cop29 in Baku. Bloomberg
  • Dr Al Jaber at Cop29 with Moroccan climate researcher Cherif El Khalil. AP
    Dr Al Jaber at Cop29 with Moroccan climate researcher Cherif El Khalil. AP
  • A mosaic adorns a wall at the Cop29 venue, Baku Stadium, in the capital of Azerbaijan. Bloomberg
    A mosaic adorns a wall at the Cop29 venue, Baku Stadium, in the capital of Azerbaijan. Bloomberg
  • A woman tries out a VR headset at the tourism booth as the Cop29 UN climate summit gets under way in Baku, Azerbaijan. AP
    A woman tries out a VR headset at the tourism booth as the Cop29 UN climate summit gets under way in Baku, Azerbaijan. AP

Many oil and gas companies, including Shell, committed to the Oil and Gas Decarbonisation Charter (OGDC) last year. This charter aims to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 or earlier, and to reduce methane emissions from exploration and production.

An OGDC spokesperson declined to comment on the case, saying the charter does not address individual member companies. Last week at Adipec, the charter’s head Bjorn Sverdrup said that oil companies tapping the brakes on some climate initiatives would not affect long-term net zero goals.

“There may be short-term adjustments … but I think the long-term direction is set, and it's all a question about pace. I think there is eagerness to speed things up rather than slow things down,” Mr Sverdrup told The National in an interview on the sidelines of the Abu Dhabi event. Oil and gas companies face the challenge of balancing environmental responsibility with profitability, driven by increasing pressure from investors, regulators and consumers.

BlackRock, Shell's largest shareholder, declined to comment on the climate ruling, and Vanguard Group, the second-largest shareholder, did not respond to a request for comment. Despite the growing adoption of electric vehicles and renewable energy, oil and gas are projected to remain essential to the energy landscape in the coming decade, especially as demand rises from developing economies like India.

Opec, the oil producer's group, has urged for increased investment in the oil industry, estimating that $17.4 trillion is necessary to meet growing energy demand through 2050. This figure is higher than the $14 trillion projected by the group last year for the period ending in 2045. Climate activists voiced disappointment with the development, but said the ruling also opened the door for future climate litigation targeting fossil fuel companies based on their investments.

“While we mourn today’s setback, the ruling establishes a responsibility for big oil and gas to act that future litigation can build on. The court ruled that protection against climate change is a human right, and corporations have a responsibility to reduce their emissions," said Laurie van der Burg of Oil Change International. "As far as we know, this is the first case where a court has acknowledged that new investments in oil and gas are incompatible with international climate goals."

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Timeline

2012-2015

The company offers payments/bribes to win key contracts in the Middle East

May 2017

The UK SFO officially opens investigation into Petrofac’s use of agents, corruption, and potential bribery to secure contracts

September 2021

Petrofac pleads guilty to seven counts of failing to prevent bribery under the UK Bribery Act

October 2021

Court fines Petrofac £77 million for bribery. Former executive receives a two-year suspended sentence 

December 2024

Petrofac enters into comprehensive restructuring to strengthen the financial position of the group

May 2025

The High Court of England and Wales approves the company’s restructuring plan

July 2025

The Court of Appeal issues a judgment challenging parts of the restructuring plan

August 2025

Petrofac issues a business update to execute the restructuring and confirms it will appeal the Court of Appeal decision

October 2025

Petrofac loses a major TenneT offshore wind contract worth €13 billion. Holding company files for administration in the UK. Petrofac delisted from the London Stock Exchange

November 2025

180 Petrofac employees laid off in the UAE

European arms

Known EU weapons transfers to Ukraine since the war began: Germany 1,000 anti-tank weapons and 500 Stinger surface-to-air missiles. Luxembourg 100 NLAW anti-tank weapons, jeeps and 15 military tents as well as air transport capacity. Belgium 2,000 machine guns, 3,800 tons of fuel. Netherlands 200 Stinger missiles. Poland 100 mortars, 8 drones, Javelin anti-tank weapons, Grot assault rifles, munitions. Slovakia 12,000 pieces of artillery ammunition, 10 million litres of fuel, 2.4 million litres of aviation fuel and 2 Bozena de-mining systems. Estonia Javelin anti-tank weapons.  Latvia Stinger surface to air missiles. Czech Republic machine guns, assault rifles, other light weapons and ammunition worth $8.57 million.

HIJRA

Starring: Lamar Faden, Khairiah Nathmy, Nawaf Al-Dhufairy

Director: Shahad Ameen

Rating: 3/5

Dirham Stretcher tips for having a baby in the UAE

Selma Abdelhamid, the group's moderator, offers her guide to guide the cost of having a young family:

• Buy second hand stuff

 They grow so fast. Don't get a second hand car seat though, unless you 100 per cent know it's not expired and hasn't been in an accident.

• Get a health card and vaccinate your child for free at government health centres

 Ms Ma says she discovered this after spending thousands on vaccinations at private clinics.

• Join mum and baby coffee mornings provided by clinics, babysitting companies or nurseries.

Before joining baby classes ask for a free trial session. This way you will know if it's for you or not. You'll be surprised how great some classes are and how bad others are.

• Once baby is ready for solids, cook at home

Take the food with you in reusable pouches or jars. You'll save a fortune and you'll know exactly what you're feeding your child.

F1 The Movie

Starring: Brad Pitt, Damson Idris, Kerry Condon, Javier Bardem

Director: Joseph Kosinski

Rating: 4/5

IF YOU GO
 
The flights: FlyDubai offers direct flights to Catania Airport from Dubai International Terminal 2 daily with return fares starting from Dh1,895.
 
The details: Access to the 2,900-metre elevation point at Mount Etna by cable car and 4x4 transport vehicle cost around €57.50 (Dh248) per adult. Entry into Teatro Greco costs €10 (Dh43). For more go to www.visitsicily.info

 Where to stay: Hilton Giardini Naxos offers beachfront access and accessible to Taormina and Mount Etna. Rooms start from around €130 (Dh561) per night, including taxes.

SWEET%20TOOTH
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ECreated%20by%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Jim%20Mickle%2C%20Beth%20Schwartz%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EStars%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Nonso%20Anozie%2C%20Christian%20Convery%2C%20Adeel%20Akhtar%2C%20Stefania%20LaVie%20Owen%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ERating%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%203.5%2F5%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
ANDROID%20VERSION%20NAMES%2C%20IN%20ORDER
%3Cp%3EAndroid%20Alpha%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%20Beta%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%20Cupcake%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%20Donut%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%20Eclair%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%20Froyo%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%20Gingerbread%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%20Honeycomb%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%20Ice%20Cream%20Sandwich%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%20Jelly%20Bean%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%20KitKat%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%20Lollipop%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%20Marshmallow%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%20Nougat%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%20Oreo%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%20Pie%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%2010%20(Quince%20Tart*)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%2011%20(Red%20Velvet%20Cake*)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%2012%20(Snow%20Cone*)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%2013%20(Tiramisu*)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%2014%20(Upside%20Down%20Cake*)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EAndroid%2015%20(Vanilla%20Ice%20Cream*)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cem%3E*%20internal%20codenames%3C%2Fem%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%0A

Dr Amal Khalid Alias revealed a recent case of a woman with daughters, who specifically wanted a boy.

A semen analysis of the father showed abnormal sperm so the couple required IVF.

Out of 21 eggs collected, six were unused leaving 15 suitable for IVF.

A specific procedure was used, called intracytoplasmic sperm injection where a single sperm cell is inserted into the egg.

On day three of the process, 14 embryos were biopsied for gender selection.

The next day, a pre-implantation genetic report revealed four normal male embryos, three female and seven abnormal samples.

Day five of the treatment saw two male embryos transferred to the patient.

The woman recorded a positive pregnancy test two weeks later. 

Student Of The Year 2

Director: Punit Malhotra

Stars: Tiger Shroff, Tara Sutaria, Ananya Pandey, Aditya Seal 

1.5 stars

COMPANY PROFILE

Name: Xpanceo

Started: 2018

Founders: Roman Axelrod, Valentyn Volkov

Based: Dubai, UAE

Industry: Smart contact lenses, augmented/virtual reality

Funding: $40 million

Investor: Opportunity Venture (Asia)

SPEC%20SHEET%3A%20APPLE%20M3%20MACBOOK%20AIR%20(13%22)
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EProcessor%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Apple%20M3%2C%208-core%20CPU%2C%20up%20to%2010-core%20CPU%2C%2016-core%20Neural%20Engine%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EDisplay%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%2013.6-inch%20Liquid%20Retina%2C%202560%20x%201664%2C%20224ppi%2C%20500%20nits%2C%20True%20Tone%2C%20wide%20colour%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EMemory%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%208%2F16%2F24GB%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EStorage%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20256%2F512GB%20%2F%201%2F2TB%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EI%2FO%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Thunderbolt%203%2FUSB-4%20(2)%2C%203.5mm%20audio%2C%20Touch%20ID%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EConnectivity%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Wi-Fi%206E%2C%20Bluetooth%205.3%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EBattery%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%2052.6Wh%20lithium-polymer%2C%20up%20to%2018%20hours%2C%20MagSafe%20charging%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ECamera%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%201080p%20FaceTime%20HD%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EVideo%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Support%20for%20Apple%20ProRes%2C%20HDR%20with%20Dolby%20Vision%2C%20HDR10%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EAudio%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%204-speaker%20system%2C%20wide%20stereo%2C%20support%20for%20Dolby%20Atmos%2C%20Spatial%20Audio%20and%20dynamic%20head%20tracking%20(with%20AirPods)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EColours%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Midnight%2C%20silver%2C%20space%20grey%2C%20starlight%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EIn%20the%20box%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20MacBook%20Air%2C%2030W%2F35W%20dual-port%2F70w%20power%20adapter%2C%20USB-C-to-MagSafe%20cable%2C%202%20Apple%20stickers%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EPrice%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20From%20Dh4%2C599%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
The specs: 2019 Haval H6

Price, base: Dh69,900

Engine: 2.0-litre turbocharged four-cylinder

Transmission: Seven-speed automatic

Power: 197hp @ 5,500rpm

Torque: 315Nm @ 2,000rpm

Fuel economy, combined: 7.0L / 100km

Updated: November 13, 2024, 3:26 AM