When Brexit first drove up the cost of importing ingredients like jasmine rice, curry paste and coconut milk from Thailand, London restaurant owner Saiphin Moore travelled to her native country to cut out the middlemen.
By finding farmers and manufacturers to supply her directly, she cut costs by 15 per cent, helping her 17-chain Rosa’s Thai Cafe weather the pound’s decline.
Until now, that is.
As the risk that Britain will tumble out of the European Union without a deal leads more traders to bet sterling is headed for 34-year lows, Mrs Moore is concerned another big depreciation will be too much to bear for her business. She imports nearly 70 per cent of ingredients and employs many Thai nationals.
“I’ve never been this worried,” said Mrs Moore, 51, who opened the first Rosa’s Thai Cafe with her husband Alex near Spitalfields Market in the midst of a recession 10 years ago, when the pound was 40 per cent stronger against the Thai baht. “I’m worried about my staff. Most of our non-local staff have obligations back home, and slowly and painfully the costs of looking after their loved ones, of servicing their debt, have gone up.”
Britain’s messy divorce with Europe is hitting entrepreneurs like Mrs Moore hard because the currency fluctuations make it virtually impossible for them to manage inventory. Yet a stroll down British high streets reveals that for all the business owners dreading the drama that will unfold as the October 31 deadline nears, there are some quietly celebrating the weaker pound.
Managers like Sukhinder Singh, who owns specialty retailer, The Whisky Exchange. The more the pound tumbles - it fell as much as 5 per cent to $1.2033 per pound this quarter alone - the cheaper it gets for foreigners to buy expensive British-made goods.
According to Mr Singh, more tourists stopping byhis stores in Covent Garden and Fitzrovia shops these days are willing to splurge.
“It’s saved us,” he said of the pound’s retreat. “Because Brexit was looming a lot of people in the UK were very nervous and really stopped buying. The weak pound has helped us because it has brought more international customers.”
Regardless of which side of the Brexit currency divide a business owner happens to fall, what’s certain is small and medium-sized companies are in for a rocky ride as Prime Minister Boris Johnson pledges to exit the bloc “do or die” by the end of October. Some analysts even warn the pound could fall to parity with the dollar, if a hard Brexit unfolds. Betting odds assign an almost 50 per cent chance of that happening.
“I don’t think the risk of no-deal Brexit is fully factored in,” said Philippos Kassimatis, a co-founder at hedging advisory firm Maven Global. If there’s no deal, “it could go to $1.10, and the risk is that it overshoots.“
Sterling fell anew on Wednesday, by as much as 1.1 per cent to $1.2157, after Mr Johnson said he will ask Queen Elizabeth II to suspend the UK Parliament from mid-September to mid-Octber - a move that could hamper policymakers' efforts to block a no-deal Brexit.
While large companies have the cash to pay millions of pounds to protect themselves against currency swings with insurance, smaller ones can’t afford this luxury. Instead, managers like Mrs Moore at Rosa’s Thai are looking for alternative ways to cope amid market bets the pound will be the most volatile in the G10 industrialised countries in the next six months. She’s swapping Asian string beans used in som tam or papaya salad with locally grown French beans and replacing Chinese broccoli, or gai lan, with local spring greens.
Here’s a glimpse at some of the other losers - and winners - from the pound’s relentless drop:
Winners: Foreign students
Britain was already the most popular academic destination after the US and the weaker sterling is only driving the appeal. International student enrollments at UK universities rose to 458,520 in the 2017/2018 academic year from the average of 432,546 in the three years prior to the Brexit referendum, according Studying-in-UK.org.
One of those students is Mia Chen, a Taiwanese graduate student of marketing strategy at University of Warwick. She’s been using the money she saves on tuition and accommodation to do more sightseeing and invest in a small collection of luxury handbags from designers like Chloe and Bottega Veneta. With the pound down 3 per cent against the Taiwanese dollar in the past 12 months, she says more students are strongly considering studying in the UK.
“I heard of cases back home where some students are choosing UK instead of the US for post graduate programs because of sterling,” said Ms Chen. “It definitely matters.”
Chinese nationals are the biggest group of foreign students in the UK and applications for undergraduate programs in Britain have surged 30 per cent from last year, Universities and Colleges Admissions Service data show. The jump may also reflect US restrictions on academic visas.
Losers: Retail shop owners
People like Ms Chen may help to soften the blow Brexit is having on struggling high-street mainstays like Debenhams, Topshop and Marks & Spencer but that won’t be enough to pull the retail industry out of the doldrums. Conditions are the already the toughest in a decade, according to the British Retail Consortium.
UK retailers often get their stock from the Middle East and pay for it in dollars, anytime from seven to 120 days after delivery, according to Richard Hyman, an independent retail analyst. This means many companies haven’t yet felt the pain of the latest bout of pound weakness this summer. Retailers also hedge their currency exposure but “you can only hedge so far”, said Mr Hyman.
“Clearly, the pound going down means we will be importing price inflation,” he said. “The second reason it’s so difficult is it comes at a time when UK retail is already on its knees.”
Winners: Tourist operators
The weaker pound has contributed to boosting tourist arrivals to the UK, which are likely to reach 38.9 million arrivals this year, nearing a record set in 2017, according to VisitBritain, the national tourism agency. They will probably spend about £24.5 billion (Dh109.91bn), matching the all-time high in 2017.
Deloitte estimates that the tourism gross-value-added multiplier in the UK is 2.8, meaning that for every £1,000 spent directly on tourism, there is another £1,800 that support the economy through various channels, such as consumer spending.
Losers: Pensioners
For retirees living abroad like Roger Boaden, the falling sterling is hurting their wallets. Mr Boaden, 79, and his wife moved to France in 2002 in search for a standard of living they could no longer afford in the UK. But since November 2015, the value of his British pension has dropped by more than €500 (2,036) a month.
He now monitors the exchange rate every day to transfer pounds “just to get a few extra euros” each time it temporarily recovers. Sterling has been one of the most volatile major currencies in the past year, trading as strong as $1.3381 per pound and as weak as almost $1.20.
“You’ve just got to live with it because there’s nothing you can do about it,” said Mr Boaden. “When it’s high we know we’ve got a bit of spare cash and you can go on outings and what have you. When it’s low you just say we won’t go out this month.”
