Burj Khalifa's unbeatable design, construction and world records in numbers

The Dubai skyscraper marked a landmark moment in the UAE's growth story when it opened 13 years ago. Here's how it was achieved

Burj Khalifa in January 2010, days after it opened to the public. Randi Sokoloff / The National

Building the world's tallest building is no mean feat — and retaining that crown is even harder. Yet, for 13 years, Burj Khalifa has remained the pinnacle of the world's architectural ambition; a testament to the scale of the project's, and the UAE's, vision and ambition.

Inaugurated as the world's tallest tower on January 4, 2010, and the centrepiece of Downtown Dubai, Burj Khalifa immediately imposed itself on the skyline as a beacon of human ingenuity and determination.

The tower has also become an international landmark, which has hosted millions of visitors keen to ascend the observation deck or gather at Burj Park and the Dubai Fountain to witness the record-breaking light show and fireworks displays.

Mirroring the awe inspired by Egypt’s Great Pyramids of Giza, Burj Khalifa captured the world's imagination as a modern architectural marvel, much in the same way as the UAE's Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque. Instantly recognisable for its sleek, timeless and futuristic design, it has been repeatedly featured in pop culture and been part of numerous viral videos and campaigns.

Designed by American architect Adrian Smith of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, Burj Khalifa’s aesthetic elements take inspiration from the geometry of the hymenocallis spider lily, a regional desert flower. It also combines the intricate patterning systems of Islamic architecture, marked by a dramatic upward spiral.

Much of its shimmering, sleek exterior is due to its use of aluminium and glass. Almost 24,350 cladding panels and 103,000 square metres of glass were used to give the Burj’s gleaming exterior and to minimise heat transmission and save energy.

Since its unveiling, the Burj has also become synonymous with its record-breaking feats, many of which remain undefeated. At 828 metres, Burj Khalifa, which took more than six years to build at a cost of $1.5 billion, is the tallest building in the world.

Merdeka 118 tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, completed in 2021, is the second-tallest at 678.9m and Shanghai Tower in Shanghai, completed in 2015, comes in third, at 632m. Not only is Burj Khalifa the tallest, but it is the oldest member of the top 10 group.

Although Jeddah tower in Saudi Arabia, also designed by Burj Khalifa’s architect Adrian Smith, is designed to be 1km tall, the project has been on hold since early 2019 owing to the pandemic, and the completion date remains unknown.

Burj Khalifa is also the tallest free-standing structure in the world — a category that includes buildings, whose purpose is to have occupied tenants, as well as towers built for other purposes, such as utilising the height of the tower.

Here, Burj Khalifa is followed again by Merdeka 118 tower in Kuala Lumpur which is also the tallest freestanding structure in South-East Asia. However, the third tallest free-standing structure is the 634m Tokyo Skytree, the broadcasting and observation tower in Sumida, Tokyo.

Burj Khalifa also holds the record for the largest number of storeys in one building. While there are 20 buildings around the world that have more than 100 storeys above ground, Burj Khalifa has the largest number, topping the list with 163 floors, 160 of which are habitable, the most of any building in the world.

Shanghai Tower and Goldin Finance 117 tower in Taijin, China, which both have 128 floors.

Opened to the public on January 4, 2010, Burj Khalifa remains the world’s tallest building. Reuters

Burj Khalifa's highest usable floor is 585m above ground, at the 160th floor, another world record for the highest occupied floor.

Aside from these world records, Burj Khalifa also has the highest observation deck in the world at 555m high on the 148th floor. This surpassed Canton Tower in Guangzhou, China, which held the record for its observation deck at 488m high.

With these records set to remain unchallenged for the foreseeable future, Burj Khalifa remains not only a symbol of Dubai and the UAE but has in a relatively short period become a globally recognised landmark, a destination and a feat of our generation.

Scroll through photos of Burj Khalifa like you’ve never seen it below

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  Afzal is currently showing his work in Gallery 4 in an exhibition titled The Future Past at The Foundry in downtown until October 30.

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  Baber Afzal's dramatic and surreal photography captures the UAE's epic architecture. All Photos: Baber Afzal

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  'I always tend to pre-visualise my images and how they would turn out before I set out to shoot,' the photographer says.

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  Afzal combines on-site shooting and post-production techniques to create awe-inspiring images that look real and don't feel overly worked.

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  In regards to his process, Afzal says, 'Once I’ve locked what I‘ve envisioned, I scout the location and view the possible vantage points to shoot. Once I have shot it, I spend time countless hours in post-production to bring as close as possible to what I had originally envisioned.'

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  Afzal experiments with long-exposure techniques, along with various blending and compositing methods and techniques in post-production.

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  'In some instances, I capture the perfect moment and enhance it, while in other cases I enhance the surroundings to create the perfect moment,' Afzal says.

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  Afzal credits the way in which Dubai and the UAE were designed as to why the city and its landmarks are so photogenic.

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  'I want people to not only be wowed by how stunning the cityscapes look but to be taken aback by how far Dubai has come,' Afzal says.

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  Afzal’s work captures a contemporary and futuristic vision of Dubai that is also epic and timeless.