Ethnic minority drivers in UK 'pay more for car insurance'

Some motorists are paying at least £280 a year more than white people, Citizens Advice has found

Vehicles on the M4 motorway. PA

A “shocking trend” of people from ethnic minority backgrounds paying hundreds of pounds a year more for their car insurance than white people has been highlighted by Citizens Advice.

As part of a year-long investigation, the charity analysed 18,000 car insurance costs reported by people across England and Wales who came to Citizens Advice for debt help in 2021.

It found that, on average, people from ethnic minority backgrounds paid £250 ($329) a year more than white people, regardless of gender, age and income.

The Association of British Insurers said insurers never use ethnicity as a factor when setting prices but it recognises the charity’s report “raises an important public policy debate”.

Citizens Advice also carried out 649 mystery shops in England using six personas across eight postcodes.

Most of the personal details submitted online, including car, job and no-claims history, remained the same.

In postcodes where more than 50 per cent of the population are from ethnic minority backgrounds, the charity found an “ethnicity penalty” of at least £280 a year.

The charity claimed that local risk factors such as the crime rate, deprivation, road accidents and population density could not account for the price differences.

It used population data from the 2011 census to calculate the number of white people and ethnic minorities living in diverse areas in England.

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  The Audi Q8, in at number one.

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  The Land Rover Defender (No 2).

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  The Range Rover (No 3).

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  The Dodge Challenger (No 4).

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  The Toyota Land Cruiser (No 5).

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  The Mini Clubman (No 6).

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  The Audi Q3 (No 7).

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  The Audi Q7 (No 8).

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  The Dodge Charger (No 9).

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  The Kia Stinger (No 10).

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  The Acura RSX (No 11).

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  The Audi Q7 (No 12).

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  The BMW X4 (No 13).

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  The Ford Ranger (No 14).

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  The Audi TT (No 15).

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  The BMW i3 (No 16).

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  The BMW X5 (No 17).

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  The Peugeot 5008 (No 18).

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  The BMW 6 Series (No 19).

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  The Chevrolet Corvette (No 20).

Citizens Advice said it was urging the Financial Conduct Authority to ensure no one paid such a penalty in the insurance market.

The charity said that, while insurers did not collect ethnicity data, it feared the volume of data available meant there was a real risk that other information could be used as a proxy for the ethnicity of customers.

Data is processed through complex algorithms that make it difficult to track if some groups are paying more than others, Citizens Advice said.

The charity wants the authority to set out how insurance companies must prove they abide by the Equality Act 2010.

It said if a company could not explain any ethnicity pricing differences, the regulator must take enforcement action.

“For too long the impenetrable nature of insurance pricing has just been accepted, but a £280-a-year ethnicity penalty cannot be allowed to continue," said Dame Clare Moriarty, chief executive of Citizens Advice.

“It is time for the FCA to lift the bonnet on insurance firms’ pricing decisions and ensure no one is paying more because of protected characteristics like race.

“The use of algorithms has real-world implications for real people. They must be applied with caution, under the careful scrutiny of regulators.”

A representative of the authority said: “We welcome Citizens Advice’s work on this important issue. Their analysis highlights a risk of discrimination based on race and raises some potentially challenging questions for insurers.

“Firms must not use data in their pricing that could lead to discrimination based on protected characteristics, such as ethnicity, and we have acted where we’ve had concerns, including writing to all insurers setting out our expectations.

“Firms must also be able to assure themselves, and us, that any risk factors they include also do not result in discrimination. We will continue to consider any evidence we receive of concerns around pricing.”

James Dalton, a director of the insurers' association, said: “Insurers never use ethnicity as a factor when setting prices and our members comply with the Equality Act.

"All other rating factors being the same, two people of different ethnicities who live in the same postcode will pay the same premium for their car insurance.

“Insurance is priced on individual risk levels and there are many different risk-related factors that are used to calculate the price of a car insurance policy which, as Citizens Advice recognise, should not be looked at in isolation but ethnicity is not one of them.

"As the report says, the research ‘was exploratory and therefore cannot definitively identify what is driving this trend’.

“However, we recognise this report raises an important public policy debate.

"Like everyone, our sector has a role to play in addressing inequalities that exist in wider society and it’s an issue that we will continue to engage in constructively as an industry.”