The very young are more sceptical of taking a Covid-19 vaccine than older teenagers, a study has shown.
The research carried out on 27,000 pupils aged nine to 18 in England suggests those from the most socioeconomically deprived backgrounds are more likely to shy away from getting jabbed.
Researchers say a lack of information is fuelling scepticism and suggested the government could use social media influencers to raise awareness about jabs.
Those vaccinated were also found to feel less connected to their school community compared to their counterparts in the survey carried out by the University of Oxford, University College London (UCL) and the University of Cambridge.
The findings showed 50 per cent were willing to have a coronavirus vaccination, 37 per cent were undecided and 13 per cent wanted to opt out.
Just over a third (36 per cent) of nine year olds are willing to have a Covid-19 jab, compared with 51 per cent of 13-year-olds and 78 per cent of 17-year-olds.
The results of the survey were released after the UK government this month announced it would offer a single Covid-19 vaccine dose to all 12 to 15-year-olds in England.
Similar programmes are being rolled out in Scotland and Wales.
Parental consent will be sought.
The research shows those who were more hesitant about getting the vaccine were also more likely to spend longer on social media and attend schools in deprived areas.
Those who carried out the survey have called for authorities to do more to reach out to youngsters who may have vaccine concerns.
Professor Sir Andrew Pollard, director of the Oxford Vaccine Group, told a Science Media Centre briefing the younger generation have been ignored by those promoting vaccines.
“Given the huge disruption that has happened in education and for children, I think this study is really important because it’s highlighting that we’ve actually missed this really important group in making sure they have access to information,” he said.
“And of course they don’t access their information by reading the newspaper or watching broadcast news. A lot of it is through social media.”
He added: “We have some work to do in order to improve that.”
Dr Mina Fazel, association professor in child and adolescent psychiatry at the University of Oxford, said social media tools needed to be employed to provide information on jabs.
“No matter what we think young people should do, and how we think they should access information, we know that they are accessing information on social media more than others,” she said.
“So we don’t have good evidence that they read leaflets, we don’t necessarily know whether they listen to assemblies at school, so we’ve really got to tailor what we do to what young people say.
“The young people we’ve spoken to are saying that we need to use social media channels. That maybe celebrities getting involved might be a route that they would listen to more.”
Dr Fazel said she is “very interested” in exploring how to use platforms such as TikTok to get the vaccine message across to children.
She touted the idea of using online influencers “who want to learn more about these findings” to be equipped with knowledge about vaccines “in order to provide information in their medium”.
Last week the vaccine rollout for 12 to 15-year-olds in England kicked off in some schools.
More than three million youngsters are eligible to have one jab.
From this week 12 to 15-year-olds in Scotland will be able to get an appointment for a vaccine, while in Wales the scheme will start on October 4.
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Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.
Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.
“Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.
“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.
Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.
From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.
Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.
BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.
Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.
Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.
“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.
“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.
“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”
The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”
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