Chile is "at war", President Sebastian Pinera said Sunday, as the country reels from three days of violent demonstrations and looting that have left seven dead and almost 1,500 detained in the worst outbreak of social unrest in decades.
"We are at war against a powerful, implacable enemy, who does not respect anything or anyone and is willing to use violence and crime without any limits," Mr Pinera told reporters after an emergency meeting with army general Javier Iturriaga, who has been placed in charge of order and security in the capital.
Santiago and nine other of Chile's 16 regions were under a state of emergency, Mr Pinera confirmed late on Sunday, with troops deployed on to the streets for the first time since Augusto Pinochet's military dictatorship between 1973-1990.
During the clashes, about 9,500 police and military have fired tear gas and water cannon against protesters who have set fire to buses, smashed up metro stations and ransacked shops, in demonstrations sparked by anger over price hikes and social inequality.
Despite a growth rate that should reach 2.5 per cent of GDP this year, several social indicators — such as health, education and pensions — show very high inequalities.
"Many latent requests have not been answered, tension has built up, frustration has increased daily in daily life," said Octavio Avendano, a sociologist and political scientist at the University of Chile.
This anger boiled over earlier in the week as a protest against a rise in metro fares escalated dramatically on Friday.
On Sunday, five people died when a garment factory was torched by rioters in a Santiago suburb, despite right-wing Pinera's Saturday announcement that he was suspending the fare increase.
Earlier, Interior and Security Minister Andres Chadwick said two women burnt to death after a store owned by US retail chain Walmart was set alight in the early hours of Sunday.
Another victim, who authorities initially said had died in hospital, suffered burns on 75 per cent of her body.
Almost all public transport was paralysed in Santiago on Sunday, with shops shuttered and many flights cancelled at the international airport, leaving thousands of people stranded due to a curfew imposed from 7:00pm until dawn.
Authorities reported 103 serious incidents throughout the country with 1,462 people detained — 614 in Santiago and 848 in the rest of the country.
"I pray that my beloved Chile will be better," Chilean star Arturo Vidal, the Barcelona midfielder, wrote on Sunday night.
On Friday, the headquarters of the ENEL Chile power company and a Banco Chile branch — both in the centre of Santiago — were set on fire and heavily damaged.
Santiago's metro system — South America's largest and most modern and used by around three million people a day — was shut down on Friday as protesters burnt and vandalised stations.
Louis de Grange, president of the state Metro S.A. company, told Canal 13 the "brutal destruction" of the service had caused more than $300 million (Dh1.1 billion) in damage.
The hike in fares that set off the violence would have raised the price of peak hour travel from 800 to 830 pesos (Dh4.15 to Dh4.30).
The government said the hike, which followed a 20-peso increase in January, was driven by rising oil prices and a weakening peso.
