Syrian air defences intercepted "hostile targets" near Damascus, state media reported on Tuesday.
The nature of the targets was not clear.
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a war monitor in Britain, said the "hostile targets" were Israeli missiles launched from above Lebanese territory.
"A number of missiles hit arms depots for Hezbollah or Iranian forces," the observatory said. No casualties were reported.
Lebanon's state-run National News Agency said Israeli warplanes staged mock raids above southern Lebanon.
"The aggression originated from above the Lebanese territories and a number of hostile targets were downed," Syrian TV claimed.
An Israeli military spokeswoman declined to comment on the reports.
"An IDF aerial defense system activated in response to an anti-aircraft missile launched from Syria," the Israeli army tweeted later.
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