Iraq's central government has set out 13 conditions for the Kurdistan region to meet before “real” negotiations can begin to resolve a crisis triggered by a Kurdish independence referendum.
"The central government is serious about solving the issues between Erbil and Baghdad, but the latter has to fulfil its constitutional obligations," said Saad Al Hadithi, spokesman for the Iraqi prime minister.
Iraq’s Kurdish region voted for independence in a symbolic yet controversial referendum that was held in September despite Baghdad’s insistence that it violated the constitution. The central government responded by halting all international flights to and from Iraqi Kurdistan and sending troops to retake disputed areas held by Kurdish forces outside of the autonomous region. The measures have left the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) in Erbil grappling with an economic and political crisis.
Mr Al Hadithi said on Sunday that the preconditions laid down by prime minister Haider Al Abadi were "in accordance with the Iraqi constitution”.
They include a demand that the KRG issue a handwritten note annulling the result of the referendum. The Kurdish government has said it respected a ruling by Iraq's federal court that the referendum was illegal, but has not formally renounced it.
The central government is also asking Erbil to guarantee that it will not seek independence in future.
The Kurds must also hand over control of all border crossings in Kurdish territory, including Faysh Khabur and Ibrahim Khalil on the border with Turkey, as well as of the airports in Erbil and Sulaimaniyah.
Baghdad is also insisting that Kurdish officials "are not allowed to leave the country without Baghdad's permission".
The Kurdish government said the list of demands “demonstrates that Baghdad is still considering a military option against the KRG”.
The central government also wants the KRG to hand over all future federal revenues, including those from oil sales and customs duties.
The two sides have clashed over territory and sharing of oil revenue since the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003. Baghdad has stopped central funds to Kurdistan for the past three years.
Earlier this month the UN envoy in Iraq, Jan Kubis, stressed the need “to hold technical and political negotiations between both sides to reach solutions to all outstanding issues”.
Members of the European parliament also have urged Baghdad to hold talks with the Kurdistan region, but echo the Kurdish position that the referendum was not a declaration of independence but rather the basis "for the start of a conversation".
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PREMIER LEAGUE FIXTURES
Saturday (UAE kick-off times)
Watford v Leicester City (3.30pm)
Brighton v Arsenal (6pm)
West Ham v Wolves (8.30pm)
Bournemouth v Crystal Palace (10.45pm)
Sunday
Newcastle United v Sheffield United (5pm)
Aston Villa v Chelsea (7.15pm)
Everton v Liverpool (10pm)
Monday
Manchester City v Burnley (11pm)
COMPANY PROFILE
Name: SmartCrowd
Started: 2018
Founder: Siddiq Farid and Musfique Ahmed
Based: Dubai
Sector: FinTech / PropTech
Initial investment: $650,000
Current number of staff: 35
Investment stage: Series A
Investors: Various institutional investors and notable angel investors (500 MENA, Shurooq, Mada, Seedstar, Tricap)
Turning waste into fuel
Average amount of biofuel produced at DIC factory every month: Approximately 106,000 litres
Amount of biofuel produced from 1 litre of used cooking oil: 920ml (92%)
Time required for one full cycle of production from used cooking oil to biofuel: One day
Energy requirements for one cycle of production from 1,000 litres of used cooking oil:
▪ Electricity - 1.1904 units
▪ Water- 31 litres
▪ Diesel – 26.275 litres
Director: Nag Ashwin
Starring: Prabhas, Saswata Chatterjee, Deepika Padukone, Amitabh Bachchan, Shobhana
Rating: ★★★★
COMPANY PROFILE
Name: Kinetic 7
Started: 2018
Founder: Rick Parish
Based: Abu Dhabi, UAE
Industry: Clean cooking
Funding: $10 million
Investors: Self-funded
What is the FNC?
The Federal National Council is one of five federal authorities established by the UAE constitution. It held its first session on December 2, 1972, a year to the day after Federation.
It has 40 members, eight of whom are women. The members represent the UAE population through each of the emirates. Abu Dhabi and Dubai have eight members each, Sharjah and Ras al Khaimah six, and Ajman, Fujairah and Umm Al Quwain have four.
They bring Emirati issues to the council for debate and put those concerns to ministers summoned for questioning.
The FNC’s main functions include passing, amending or rejecting federal draft laws, discussing international treaties and agreements, and offering recommendations on general subjects raised during sessions.
Federal draft laws must first pass through the FNC for recommendations when members can amend the laws to suit the needs of citizens. The draft laws are then forwarded to the Cabinet for consideration and approval.
Since 2006, half of the members have been elected by UAE citizens to serve four-year terms and the other half are appointed by the Ruler’s Courts of the seven emirates.
In the 2015 elections, 78 of the 252 candidates were women. Women also represented 48 per cent of all voters and 67 per cent of the voters were under the age of 40.
Herc's Adventures
Developer: Big Ape Productions
Publisher: LucasArts
Console: PlayStation 1 & 5, Sega Saturn
Rating: 4/5
I Care A Lot
Directed by: J Blakeson
Starring: Rosamund Pike, Peter Dinklage
3/5 stars