In a short video, a masked man talks Iraqi activists through some safety precautions that could help stop them being assassinated.
“Follow me carefully,” said the man, sitting behind the wheel of a car, wearing a black baseball cap, gloves, a mask and a flak jacket.
“Through security cameras, check if there is anyone or a motorcycle in the street before leaving your home or office.
"When driving, keep watching your back with the three mirrors."
With a pistol in his hand, he continued: “The most important thing is to keep your pistol loaded and put it in the side door pocket, and lie down on your back seat when the shooting starts.”
The calls for self-protection and to take up arms come after a wave of attacks on civil activists in Iraq’s months of anti-elite, pro-reform protests.
Many protesters reject the call to arms as not appropriate for a peaceful movement for change in Iraq.
Demanding jobs, better services, an end to the endemic corruption and overhauling the political system, the protests started in October 2019 with a few people in Baghdad then spread to other cities in central and southern Iraq.
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An Iraqi demonstrator burns tyres to block the road during a protest over poor public services in Najaf, Iraq. Reuters -
Anti-government protesters gather by barriers near Tahrir square, Baghdad on Monday. AP -
Protesters inspect burned tents near Tahrir Square, Baghdad. AP -
Iraqi demonstrators gesture during a protest over poor public services, in Najaf, Iraq. Reuters -
Fresh violence erupted between demonstrators and Iraqi security forces in central Baghdad on Monday, following months of quiet in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. AP -
A protester inspects burned tents near Tahrir Square, Baghdad, Iraq. AP -
An Iraqi demonstrator burns tyres to block the road during a protest over poor public services in Najaf, Iraq. Reuters -
Fresh violence erupted between demonstrators and Iraqi security forces in central Baghdad on Monday. AP -
Two protesters died during the demonstrations. Reuters -
Iraqi demonstrators burn tyres to block the road during a protest over poor public services in the holy city of Najaf. Reuters
Leaderless protests have been the biggest and most effective tactic in Iraq after Saddam Hussein. The persistence of protesters remains unbeaten by repeated crackdowns.
The government said that as of July 30, 560 protesters and members of security forces had been killed in the violence. Tens of thousands were also wounded, many with live ammunition.
Dozens of activists have reported intimidation and there have been many kidnappings and assassinations, say local and international human rights watchdogs.
Activists accuse Iran-backed militias of being behind the assassinations to try to subdue the protests.
The government and militias blame “third parties”, without specifying who they are.
“We are being slaughtered like sacrifices by the uncontrolled militias,” said cleric Asaad Al Nassiri, a prominent activist in the southern city of Nasiriyah who advocates the calls for arms.
“When the government is unable to protect us, what can we do to protect ourselves?
“It is the legitimate right for everyone to take up arms to protect himself, his family and fellow protesters when facing death threats.”
The latest round of assassinations started on July 6 when an unknown gunman murdered prominent pro-protest security analyst Husham Al Hashimi as he parked his car in front of his home in Baghdad.
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Iraqi extremism expert Husham Al Hashimi was shot dead outside his home in Baghdad on Monday night. AFP -
Security forces stand guard at the scene of Husham Al Hashimi's assassination in the Zeyouneh area of Baghdad. AP -
Iraqi police officers investigate the scene outside Husham Al Hashimi's house after he was shot dead in Baghdad on Monday following threats from Iran-backed militias. AP -
Iraqis carry the coffin of Iraqi terrorism expert Husham Al Hashimi, who was assassinated by an unknown armed group outside his house. EPA -
Mourners carry Husham Al Hishami's coffin during the funeral in Baghdad, Iraq. Reuters -
Al Hashimi, a leading expert on ISIS and other armed groups, was shot dead in Baghdad on Monday evening after receiving threats from Iran-backed militias, Iraqi security officials said. EPA -
Mourners pray over the coffin of slain Iraqi extremism expert Husham Al Hashemi, who was shot dead yesterday outside his house in the Iraqi capital. AFP -
Al Hashimi was an authoritative voice on militant factions, including ISIS, but was also frequently consulted by media and foreign governments on domestic Iraqi politics and armed groups. Reuters -
A mourner cries during the funeral. Al Hashimi had warm ties with top decision-makers, including President Barham Saleh, but was also trusted by rival parties and armed groups, which used him as a mediator. AFP -
A relative reacts during the funeral of former government adviser and political analyst Husham Al Hashimi, who was killed by gunmen, in Baghdad. Reuters -
Mourners embrace during the funeral of slain Iraqi extremism expert Husham Al Hashimi, who was shot dead on Monday outside his house in the Iraqi capital. AFP -
An Iraqi federal policeman stands guard while mourners carry the flag-draped coffin of Husham Al Hashimi during his funeral in the Zeyouneh area of Baghdad. AP -
A general view shows the spot where Iraqi extremism expert Husham Al Hashimi was shot dead yesterday outside his house in the Iraqi capital Baghdad’s Zeyouneh district. AFP
In the southern city of Basra last month, activists Reham Yacoub and Tahseen Osama were gunned down in separate incidents within a week.
Mr Al Nassiri blames the killings on political factions and Iran-backed militias of the Popular Mobilisation Forces – paramilitary forces nominally under the control of the state but with significant power.
He said the factions saw the activists as “a seed for a future political movement and national projects who will rival them in the elections".
But the call to arms has divided protesters.
Baghdad protesters last week said they were “shocked” at the “suspicious calls that intend to end our peaceful revolution and to drag our beloved country into chaos and internal fighting".
But Mr Al Nassiri said he was against the idea of forming rival militant groups and that weapons should only be used by well-trained protesters who have a licence.
He said the light arms would never be used against the security forces but against “the militias who want to kill us”.
Alarmed by the calls, Iraq’s Prime Minister, Mustafa Al Kadhimi, said on Sunday that it was “the government's responsibility to redress” the killings and that it would move against any attempt to take up arms.
Militia leader Qais Al Khazali of the influential Iran-backed Asaib Ahl Al Haq said the aim behind the call to arms “is to target the leaders and members of resistance factions”.
But Mr Al Nassiri said the ball was in Mr Al Kadhimi’s court.
“If the government manages to stop the uncontrolled militias from killing us, the protesters will not need to take up arms to defend themselves,” he said.
