People walk on the outskirts of the newly established Awulala refugee camp, near Maganan, 80 km from the Sudanese border in Ethiopia's Amhara region, on February 28, 2024. Having escaped a raging war at home, Sudanese refugees in Ethiopia face more conflict and insecurity as the border region of Amhara is plagued by unrest and clashes that sees the Ethiopian National Defense Force battling an ethnic Amhara militia known as 'Fano'. According to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) over 100,000 people have crossed into Ethiopia from Sudan since April 2023. Sudanese and other refugees in the border camps in Amhara lament a lack of security, difficult communication with the outside world - the Ethiopian government has disrupted access to mobile internet in the region since August 2023 - and a general sense of abandonment, raising the question if they fled a dire situation to end up in similar one. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)
People walk on the outskirts of the newly established Awulala refugee camp, near Maganan, 80 km from the Sudanese border in Ethiopia's Amhara region, on February 28, 2024. Having escaped a raging war at home, Sudanese refugees in Ethiopia face more conflict and insecurity as the border region of Amhara is plagued by unrest and clashes that sees the Ethiopian National Defense Force battling an ethnic Amhara militia known as 'Fano'. According to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) over 100,000 people have crossed into Ethiopia from Sudan since April 2023. Sudanese and other refugees in the border camps in Amhara lament a lack of security, difficult communication with the outside world - the Ethiopian government has disrupted access to mobile internet in the region since August 2023 - and a general sense of abandonment, raising the question if they fled a dire situation to end up in similar one. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)
People walk on the outskirts of the newly established Awulala refugee camp, near Maganan, 80 km from the Sudanese border in Ethiopia's Amhara region, on February 28, 2024. Having escaped a raging war at home, Sudanese refugees in Ethiopia face more conflict and insecurity as the border region of Amhara is plagued by unrest and clashes that sees the Ethiopian National Defense Force battling an ethnic Amhara militia known as 'Fano'. According to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) over 100,000 people have crossed into Ethiopia from Sudan since April 2023. Sudanese and other refugees in the border camps in Amhara lament a lack of security, difficult communication with the outside world - the Ethiopian government has disrupted access to mobile internet in the region since August 2023 - and a general sense of abandonment, raising the question if they fled a dire situation to end up in similar one. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)
People walk on the outskirts of the newly established Awulala refugee camp, near Maganan, 80 km from the Sudanese border in Ethiopia's Amhara region, on February 28, 2024. Having escaped a raging war

Europe to raise funds for war-ravaged Sudan at Paris aid conference on April 15


Sunniva Rose
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France, Germany and the EU will co-host an international, ministerial-level conference in Paris to raise funds for Sudan and neighbouring countries on April 15, the first anniversary of the civil war, officials have told The National.

“We are facing an absolutely dramatic crisis on a humanitarian and geopolitical level,” said a source close to French Foreign Affairs Minister Stephane Sejourne.

“In a context of increasing international crises, our intention is to shed light on this crisis, which must not become the forgotten crisis.”

The conference was announced by Mr Sejourne last month. He said at the time that it would “try to resolve the dramatic humanitarian crises plaguing this area”.

A representative for the German Federal Foreign Office confirmed that Foreign Affairs Minister Annalena Baerbock will co-host the event.

The representative told The National that the conference is "also intended to send a clear political signal to the warring parties to end the fighting."

Sudanese civil society will be closely involved in the event, they said.

Those invited also include Sudan's neighbours, international organisations such as the UN, and donors, as well as EU member states.

Fund-raising will be geared towards Sudan and neighbouring countries, where several hundreds of thousands of Sudanese refugees have fled.

  • Members of Sudanese Armed Forces outside the palace of the first Sudanese president after independence, late President Ismail Al Azhari, in Omdurman, Sudan. Reuters
    Members of Sudanese Armed Forces outside the palace of the first Sudanese president after independence, late President Ismail Al Azhari, in Omdurman, Sudan. Reuters
  • A member of Sudanese Armed Forces holds his weapon in the street in Omdurman, Sudan. Reuters
    A member of Sudanese Armed Forces holds his weapon in the street in Omdurman, Sudan. Reuters
  • A member of the Sudanese Armed Forces in Omdurman. Reuters
    A member of the Sudanese Armed Forces in Omdurman. Reuters
  • A damaged car and houses in Omdurman, Sudan. Reuters
    A damaged car and houses in Omdurman, Sudan. Reuters
  • Traders and donkey farmers gather in an open market in Gedaref state in eastern Sudan. AFP
    Traders and donkey farmers gather in an open market in Gedaref state in eastern Sudan. AFP
  • People use makeshift donkey-drawn tanks to re-supply with water in an open market in Gedaref state in eastern Sudan. AFP
    People use makeshift donkey-drawn tanks to re-supply with water in an open market in Gedaref state in eastern Sudan. AFP
  • The Awulala refugee camp in Ethiopia's Amhara region. More than 100,000 people have crossed into Ethiopia from Sudan since April 2023, the UN refugee agency says. AFP
    The Awulala refugee camp in Ethiopia's Amhara region. More than 100,000 people have crossed into Ethiopia from Sudan since April 2023, the UN refugee agency says. AFP
  • Supporters of the Sudanese armed popular resistance, which backs the army, rally in Gedaref, amid the continuing conflict in Sudan between the army and paramilitaries. AFP
    Supporters of the Sudanese armed popular resistance, which backs the army, rally in Gedaref, amid the continuing conflict in Sudan between the army and paramilitaries. AFP
  • Sudanese refugees waits in line to collect water at Kumer refugee camp, near Maganan, 70km from the Sudanese border in Ethiopia's Amhara regione. AFP
    Sudanese refugees waits in line to collect water at Kumer refugee camp, near Maganan, 70km from the Sudanese border in Ethiopia's Amhara regione. AFP
  • A Sudanese refugee rests under a tree in the newly established Awulala refugee camp, near Maganan, 80km from the Sudanese border in Ethiopia's Amhara region. AFP
    A Sudanese refugee rests under a tree in the newly established Awulala refugee camp, near Maganan, 80km from the Sudanese border in Ethiopia's Amhara region. AFP

Also on the agenda will be humanitarian access, which presents “a real difficulty”, the French source said.

“The suffering of the Sudanese people is unacceptable and unbearable,” the source said.

Recent reports have highlighted the famine that has gripped parts of the country.

The World Food Programme warned last month that at least 25 million people were struggling with soaring rates of hunger and malnutrition.

A member of Sudanese armed forces looks on as he holds his weapon in the street in Omdurman, Sudan, March 9, 2024. REUTERS / El Tayeb Siddig
A member of Sudanese armed forces looks on as he holds his weapon in the street in Omdurman, Sudan, March 9, 2024. REUTERS / El Tayeb Siddig

Thousands of families are being displaced to Chad and South Sudan each week.

The programme is facing an almost $300 million funding gap for the next six months.

The Sudanese army rejected a call for a ceasefire during Ramadan, which began on Monday, saying it intended to continue to fight.

Residents in Khartoum told AFP they are struggling to feed themselves.

“Ramadan? We've been doing that for months,” resident Othman Idriss said by phone.

“We have been eating one meal a day for months and we no longer even have the means to prepare it ourselves.

“They serve it to us in a soup kitchen organised in a mosque.”

The army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces have been found by the UN to have committed war crimes during the conflict.

Politics in the West
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Milestones on the road to union

1970

October 26: Bahrain withdraws from a proposal to create a federation of nine with the seven Trucial States and Qatar. 

December: Ahmed Al Suwaidi visits New York to discuss potential UN membership.

1971

March 1:  Alex Douglas Hume, Conservative foreign secretary confirms that Britain will leave the Gulf and “strongly supports” the creation of a Union of Arab Emirates.

July 12: Historic meeting at which Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid make a binding agreement to create what will become the UAE.

July 18: It is announced that the UAE will be formed from six emirates, with a proposed constitution signed. RAK is not yet part of the agreement.

August 6:  The fifth anniversary of Sheikh Zayed becoming Ruler of Abu Dhabi, with official celebrations deferred until later in the year.

August 15: Bahrain becomes independent.

September 3: Qatar becomes independent.

November 23-25: Meeting with Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid and senior British officials to fix December 2 as date of creation of the UAE.

November 29:  At 5.30pm Iranian forces seize the Greater and Lesser Tunbs by force.

November 30: Despite  a power sharing agreement, Tehran takes full control of Abu Musa. 

November 31: UK officials visit all six participating Emirates to formally end the Trucial States treaties

December 2: 11am, Dubai. New Supreme Council formally elects Sheikh Zayed as President. Treaty of Friendship signed with the UK. 11.30am. Flag raising ceremony at Union House and Al Manhal Palace in Abu Dhabi witnessed by Sheikh Khalifa, then Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi.

December 6: Arab League formally admits the UAE. The first British Ambassador presents his credentials to Sheikh Zayed.

December 9: UAE joins the United Nations.

MATCH INFO

France 3
Umtiti (8'), Griezmann (29' pen), Dembele (63')

Italy 1
Bonucci (36')

What is graphene?

Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged like honeycomb.

It was discovered in 2004, when Russian-born Manchester scientists Andrei Geim and Kostya Novoselov were "playing about" with sticky tape and graphite - the material used as "lead" in pencils.

Placing the tape on the graphite and peeling it, they managed to rip off thin flakes of carbon. In the beginning they got flakes consisting of many layers of graphene. But as they repeated the process many times, the flakes got thinner.

By separating the graphite fragments repeatedly, they managed to create flakes that were just one atom thick. Their experiment had led to graphene being isolated for the very first time.

At the time, many believed it was impossible for such thin crystalline materials to be stable. But examined under a microscope, the material remained stable, and when tested was found to have incredible properties.

It is many times times stronger than steel, yet incredibly lightweight and flexible. It is electrically and thermally conductive but also transparent. The world's first 2D material, it is one million times thinner than the diameter of a single human hair.

But the 'sticky tape' method would not work on an industrial scale. Since then, scientists have been working on manufacturing graphene, to make use of its incredible properties.

In 2010, Geim and Novoselov were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics. Their discovery meant physicists could study a new class of two-dimensional materials with unique properties. 

 

Our legal consultant

Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais

Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.

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COMPANY%20PROFILE
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Who's who in Yemen conflict

Houthis: Iran-backed rebels who occupy Sanaa and run unrecognised government

Yemeni government: Exiled government in Aden led by eight-member Presidential Leadership Council

Southern Transitional Council: Faction in Yemeni government that seeks autonomy for the south

Habrish 'rebels': Tribal-backed forces feuding with STC over control of oil in government territory

'Dark Waters'

Directed by: Todd Haynes

Starring: Mark Ruffalo, Anne Hathaway, William Jackson Harper 

Rating: ****

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Expert advice

“Join in with a group like Cycle Safe Dubai or TrainYAS, where you’ll meet like-minded people and always have support on hand.”

Stewart Howison, co-founder of Cycle Safe Dubai and owner of Revolution Cycles

“When you sweat a lot, you lose a lot of salt and other electrolytes from your body. If your electrolytes drop enough, you will be at risk of cramping. To prevent salt deficiency, simply add an electrolyte mix to your water.”

Cornelia Gloor, head of RAK Hospital’s Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy Centre 

“Don’t make the mistake of thinking you can ride as fast or as far during the summer as you do in cooler weather. The heat will make you expend more energy to maintain a speed that might normally be comfortable, so pace yourself when riding during the hotter parts of the day.”

Chandrashekar Nandi, physiotherapist at Burjeel Hospital in Dubai
 

Key facilities
  • Olympic-size swimming pool with a split bulkhead for multi-use configurations, including water polo and 50m/25m training lanes
  • Premier League-standard football pitch
  • 400m Olympic running track
  • NBA-spec basketball court with auditorium
  • 600-seat auditorium
  • Spaces for historical and cultural exploration
  • An elevated football field that doubles as a helipad
  • Specialist robotics and science laboratories
  • AR and VR-enabled learning centres
  • Disruption Lab and Research Centre for developing entrepreneurial skills
Islamophobia definition

A widely accepted definition was made by the All Party Parliamentary Group on British Muslims in 2019: “Islamophobia is rooted in racism and is a type of racism that targets expressions of Muslimness or perceived Muslimness.” It further defines it as “inciting hatred or violence against Muslims”.

Saturday's schedule at the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix

GP3 race, 12:30pm

Formula 1 final practice, 2pm

Formula 1 qualifying, 5pm

Formula 2 race, 6:40pm

Performance: Sam Smith

Know your Camel lingo

The bairaq is a competition for the best herd of 50 camels, named for the banner its winner takes home

Namoos - a word of congratulations reserved for falconry competitions, camel races and camel pageants. It best translates as 'the pride of victory' - and for competitors, it is priceless

Asayel camels - sleek, short-haired hound-like racers

Majahim - chocolate-brown camels that can grow to weigh two tonnes. They were only valued for milk until camel pageantry took off in the 1990s

Millions Street - the thoroughfare where camels are led and where white 4x4s throng throughout the festival

if you go

The flights

Flydubai flies to Podgorica or nearby Tivat via Sarajevo from Dh2,155 return including taxes. Turkish Airlines flies from Abu Dhabi and Dubai to Podgorica via Istanbul; alternatively, fly with Flydubai from Dubai to Belgrade and take a short flight with Montenegro Air to Podgorica. Etihad flies from Abu Dhabi to Podgorica via Belgrade. Flights cost from about Dh3,000 return including taxes. There are buses from Podgorica to Plav. 

The tour

While you can apply for a permit for the route yourself, it’s best to travel with an agency that will arrange it for you. These include Zbulo in Albania (www.zbulo.org) or Zalaz in Montenegro (www.zalaz.me).

 

Pharaoh's curse

British aristocrat Lord Carnarvon, who funded the expedition to find the Tutankhamun tomb, died in a Cairo hotel four months after the crypt was opened.
He had been in poor health for many years after a car crash, and a mosquito bite made worse by a shaving cut led to blood poisoning and pneumonia.
Reports at the time said Lord Carnarvon suffered from “pain as the inflammation affected the nasal passages and eyes”.
Decades later, scientists contended he had died of aspergillosis after inhaling spores of the fungus aspergillus in the tomb, which can lie dormant for months. The fact several others who entered were also found dead withiin a short time led to the myth of the curse.

Ferrari 12Cilindri specs

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Sunday's games

Liverpool v West Ham United, 4.30pm (UAE)
Southampton v Burnley, 4.30pm
Arsenal v Manchester City, 7pm

Labour dispute

The insured employee may still file an ILOE claim even if a labour dispute is ongoing post termination, but the insurer may suspend or reject payment, until the courts resolve the dispute, especially if the reason for termination is contested. The outcome of the labour court proceedings can directly affect eligibility.


- Abdullah Ishnaneh, Partner, BSA Law 

Wenger's Arsenal reign in numbers

1,228 - games at the helm, ahead of Sunday's Premier League fixture against West Ham United.
704 - wins to date as Arsenal manager.
3 - Premier League title wins, the last during an unbeaten Invincibles campaign of 2003/04.
1,549 - goals scored in Premier League matches by Wenger's teams.
10 - major trophies won.
473 - Premier League victories.
7 - FA Cup triumphs, with three of those having come the last four seasons.
151 - Premier League losses.
21 - full seasons in charge.
49 - games unbeaten in the Premier League from May 2003 to October 2004.

Updated: March 13, 2024, 6:56 PM