Achraf Aouadi, director of the youth-led, anti-corruption NGO "I-Watch" (Ana Yakedh) gives a press conference in the capital Tunis on May 3, 2016. Fethi Belaid/AFP
Achraf Aouadi, director of the youth-led, anti-corruption NGO "I-Watch" (Ana Yakedh) gives a press conference in the capital Tunis on May 3, 2016. Fethi Belaid/AFP
Achraf Aouadi, director of the youth-led, anti-corruption NGO "I-Watch" (Ana Yakedh) gives a press conference in the capital Tunis on May 3, 2016. Fethi Belaid/AFP
Achraf Aouadi, director of the youth-led, anti-corruption NGO "I-Watch" (Ana Yakedh) gives a press conference in the capital Tunis on May 3, 2016. Fethi Belaid/AFP

Corruption has worsened in nine Arab countries over last year, citizens say


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Ordinary people feel that corruption worsened in nine Arab countries and territories over the last year, especially Lebanon and Yemen, according to a report by an anti-corruption watchdog.

The survey by Transparency International of nearly 11,000 respondents showed that sleaze was also seen to be on the rise in Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Palestine, Sudan and Tunisia.

Across the countries surveyed, 61 per cent of respondents thought graft had worsened in the past year. The poll also found that courts have the worst bribery rate out of six services that were surveyed.

“Public dissatisfaction with corrupt leaders and regimes has been a key catalyst for change in the Middle East and North Africa, notably with the Arab Spring protests,” said the Berlin-based group.

“Yet, despite half a decade having passed since many of these protests first took place, our Global Corruption Barometer still finds widespread public dissatisfaction with government efforts to curb public sector graft.”

Transparency added that “the majority of people in the region perceive corruption to have risen recently, and many think that government officials and members of parliament are highly corrupt”.

The share of the population who saw worsening corruption stood at 92 per cent in Lebanon, 84 per cent in Yemen and 75 per cent in Jordan, against 28 per cent in Egypt and 26 per cent in Algeria.

Among the people interviewed, 77 per cent in Yemen and half of Egyptians said they had paid a bribe to obtain a public service, against nine per cent of Tunisians and four per cent of Jordanians.

Around 50 per cent of people surveyed in Egypt, Sudan and Morocco said they paid bribes for public services.

The poll results show that on average, almost one in three people surveyed paid bribes in dealings with courts, while one in four paid bribes to police – and around half or more of those who paid bribes to the courts and police had to pay multiple times.

About one in five people surveyed said they had to pay a bribe for public medical services. In Morocco, that figure was 38 per cent.

Report author Coralie Pring said the group was “particularly worried” about Lebanon, a country that has been without a president since May 2014, amid deep political divisions.

“Across a number of different questions the public were very, very critical not only of government efforts in fighting corruption but also of a perceived high level of corruption across the public sector,” said Ms Pring.

A note of hope came from Tunisia, where there has been progress towards a democratic government after decades of dictatorship.

“Tunisia had actually very positive results coming out of the survey,” said Ms Pring. “Many people feel that they can make a difference in the fight against corruption.

“Unfortunately even in Tunisia, despite the Arab Spring, still the majority of people were saying that their government is doing badly at fighting corruption.”

*Agence France-Presse and Associated Press

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A Cat, A Man, and Two Women
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Translated by Paul McCarthy
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Power: Combined output 920hp

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Formula 1 race: 5:10pm
Performance: Guns N' Roses

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Co-founders of the company: Vilhelm Hedberg and Ravi Bhusari

Launch year: In 2016 ekar launched and signed an agreement with Etihad Airways in Abu Dhabi. In January 2017 ekar launched in Dubai in a partnership with the RTA.

Number of employees: Over 50

Financing stage: Series B currently being finalised

Investors: Series A - Audacia Capital 

Sector of operation: Transport

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2005 Beat Andy Roddick

2006 Beat Rafael Nadal

2007 Beat Rafael Nadal

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2012 Beat Andy Murray

2014 Lost to Novak Djokovic

2015 Lost to Novak Djokovic

2017 Beat Marin Cilic

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From Dubai-based clinical psychologist Daniella Salazar:

1. Solitary Play: This is where Infants and toddlers start to play on their own without seeming to notice the people around them. This is the beginning of play.

2. Onlooker play: This occurs where the toddler enjoys watching other people play. There doesn’t necessarily need to be any effort to begin play. They are learning how to imitate behaviours from others. This type of play may also appear in children who are more shy and introverted.

3. Parallel Play: This generally starts when children begin playing side-by-side without any interaction. Even though they aren’t physically interacting they are paying attention to each other. This is the beginning of the desire to be with other children.

4. Associative Play: At around age four or five, children become more interested in each other than in toys and begin to interact more. In this stage children start asking questions and talking about the different activities they are engaging in. They realise they have similar goals in play such as building a tower or playing with cars.

5. Social Play: In this stage children are starting to socialise more. They begin to share ideas and follow certain rules in a game. They slowly learn the definition of teamwork. They get to engage in basic social skills and interests begin to lead social interactions.

Classification of skills

A worker is categorised as skilled by the MOHRE based on nine levels given in the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) issued by the International Labour Organisation. 

A skilled worker would be someone at a professional level (levels 1 – 5) which includes managers, professionals, technicians and associate professionals, clerical support workers, and service and sales workers.

The worker must also have an attested educational certificate higher than secondary or an equivalent certification, and earn a monthly salary of at least Dh4,000. 

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If a business does not apply for the refund on time, they lose their credit.

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3. More tax audits

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4. More beneficial VAT and excise tax penalty regime

Tax disputes are expected to become more frequent and more structured, with clearer administrative objection and appeal processes. The UAE has adopted a new penalty regime for VAT and excise disputes, which now mirrors the penalty regime for corporate tax.

5. Greater emphasis on statutory audit

There is a greater need for the accuracy of financial statements. The International Financial Reporting Standards standards need to be strictly adhered to and, as a result, the quality of the audits will need to increase.

6. Further transfer pricing enforcement

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8. Pillar 2 implementation 

Many multinational groups will begin to feel the practical effect of the Domestic Minimum Top-Up Tax (DMTT), the UAE's implementation of the OECD’s global minimum tax under Pillar 2. While the rules apply for financial years starting on or after January 1, 2025, it is 2026 that marks the transition to an operational phase.

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10. Substance and CbC reporting focus

Tax authorities are expected to continue strengthening the enforcement of economic substance and Country-by-Country (CbC) reporting frameworks. In the UAE, these regimes are increasingly being used as risk-assessment tools, providing tax authorities with a comprehensive view of multinational groups’ global footprints and enabling them to assess whether profits are aligned with real economic activity. 

Contributed by Thomas Vanhee and Hend Rashwan, Aurifer

The specs

Price: From Dh529,000

Engine: 5-litre V8

Transmission: Eight-speed auto

Power: 520hp

Torque: 625Nm

Fuel economy, combined: 12.8L/100km