BAMAKO // Soldiers stormed the presidential palace of one of the few established democracies in north-west Africa and announced yesterday they had seized control, ousting Mali's president just one month before he was due to step down at the end of his term.
Gunfire could be heard ringing throughout the capital. The mutinous soldiers - all the rank of captain or below - imposed a nationwide curfew and closed the capital's airport.
They said they were are overthrowing the government because of its mishandling of an ethnic Tuareg insurgency in the country's north that began in mid-January.
The rebellion grew when fighters who had supported the late Libyan leader Muammar Qaddafi returned home heavily armed. The unrest has forced tens of thousands to flee, and has prompted fierce criticism of Mali's government.
Early yesterday, about 20 soldiers in fatigues were shown on national television crowding around a desk, facing the camera.
They announced Mali is now under the control of the military's National Committee for the Re-establishment of Democracy and the Restoration of the State, or CNRDR.
They said they were suspending the constitution and dissolving its institutions.
The soldiers complained the civilian government had not done enough to combat a rebellion by the ethnic Tuareg separatists, who want to carve out a homeland in the country's northern desert.
"The CNRDR representing all the elements of the armed forces, defensive forces and security forces has decided to assume its responsibilities and end the incompetent and disavowed regime of [President] Amadou Toumani Toure," they said, reading from a statement.
"The objective of the CNRDR does not in any way aim to confiscate power, and we solemnly swear to return power to a democratically elected president as soon as national unity and territorial integrity are established."
The West African regional bloc ECOWAS said it "strongly condemns the misguided actions of the mutineers."
The group said it was "all the more reprehensible, coming amid the continuing regional and international efforts to seek a peaceful solution to the rebellion in the north of the country."
The coup is a major setback for one of the region's few established democracies. The ousted president came to power himself in a 1991 coup, but was hailed for handing power to civilians.
A decade later, he won the 2002 democratic election. The 63-year-old Toure was due to step down next month after two, five-year terms.
His whereabouts were unclear. Some military sources said he was at a safe base. Contacted by telephone, a soldier at the palace said the president's bodyguards had failed to fight the renegade soldiers, who burst in.
They searched the grounds, but could not find Mr Toure.
The events that culminated in the coup began Wednesday morning at a military camp in the capital, where defence minister, General Sadio Gassama came for an official visit. In his speech to the troops, the minister failed to address the grievances of the rank-and-file soldiers.
The rebellion has claimed the lives of several soldiers, and those sent to fight say they are not given enough supplies, including arms or food.
Recruits started firing into the air Wednesday morning. By afternoon, troops had surrounded the state television station in central Bamako, in south-west Mali, yanking both the television and radio signals off the air for the rest of the day. By Wednesday evening, troops had started rioting at a military garrison located in the northern town of Gao, 3,200 kilometres away.
A freelance journalist from Sweden who was driving to her hotel near the TV station around 4pm Wednesday said that lorries full of soldiers had surrounded the state broadcaster, where they set up machine guns facing the building.
"They came and started setting up checkpoints. There were military in the streets, stopping people," said Katarina Hoije. "When we reached our hotel which is just in front of the TV station, there were lots of military outside, and more cars kept arriving - pickup trucks with soldiers on them."
In Washington, US State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland said: "The situation is currently unclear and unfolding quickly ... There are reports of military forces surrounding the presidential palace and movement of vehicles between the palace and the military barracks."
The Tuaregs, a traditionally nomadic people spread across the Sahara Desert, have risen up against the central government in Mali several times since the country's independence from France in 1960.
The newest rebellion launched in mid-January broke years of relative peace, and has been fuelled by the return of Tuaregs from Libya who had fought in Qaddafi's army.
Refugees have spilled over into four of the countries neighbouring Mali due to the uprising.
Thousands of Tuaregs moved from Mali to Libya over the decades beginning in the 1970s, and many joined special divisions of Qaddafi's military where they earned higher salaries than in Mali.
When the Qaddafi regime fell last year, Tuareg troops smuggled Qaddafi family members to neighbouring Algeria and Niger.