Who was General Bipin Rawat, the Indian army chief killed in helicopter crash?

The chief of defence staff, 63, was once shot by Pakistan troops and had survived an earlier air crash

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  People light candles to pay their respect to defence chief Gen Bipin Rawat in Siliguri on December 8, 2021 after reports of a helicopter crash in which he and his wife were among 13 casualties. AFP

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  Security outside the Chief of Defence Staff Gen Bipin Rawat's residence in New Delhi, India. The Indian Air Force said Gen Rawat, his wife Madhulika Rawat and 11 others on board died in the accident. EPA

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  Indian soldiers arrive at the site after an army helicopter carrying Gen Bipin Rawat crashed near Coonoor in Tamil Nadu state. AP

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  Army personnel and members of the media outside the residence of Gen Bipin Rawat in New Delhi after news of the helicopter accident broke. AP Photo

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  Security and media personnel outside the entrance to Gen Bipin Rawat's house in New Delhi on December 8, 2021. AFP

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  Gen Bipin Rawat inspects a Guard of Honour at a function celebrating Indian Army Day in New Delhi, India in January 2018. EPA

India’s first chief of defence staff General Bipin Rawat, his wife and 11 military officials died on Wednesday in a helicopter crash in the hills of Nilgiris, in southern Tamil Nadu state.

Gen Rawat, 63, was once shot by Pakistani troops as a young officer and had survived a helicopter crash in 2016.

He was appointed India’s first chief of defence staff in December 2019, after Prime Minister Narendra Modi created the post to bring synergy to the Indian armed forces.

Who was General Bipin Rawat?

Gen Rawat was born in March 1958 into a military family from Pauri in Himalayan Uttarakhand state with four generations of service to the country. His father retired from the army as a lieutenant general.

An alumnus of National Defence Academy and the Indian Military Academy, Gen Rawat was commissioned as a lieutenant in 1978 and climbed the military hierarchy to become the chief of the 1.3 million strong army in 2017.

He was known for his plain speaking about friends and adversaries and stirred controversy with his comments on Kashmir, China and India’s domestic politics.

But he was popular among the ranks and considered as a “soldier’s general” for his unflinching dedication to the armed forces as he led the mission to modernise India's military.

As a young officer he served along India’s tense borders with Pakistan and China and was shot by Pakistani soldiers during a clash along the Line of Control in the disputed Kashmir region. This earned him the Indian Army’s Wound Medal.

Gen Rawat is credited for reducing insurgency in India’s north-eastern states where a decades-long rebellion had left tens of thousands dead.

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  People gather outside the residence of Chief of Defence Staff Gen Bipin Rawat in New Delhi. A helicopter carrying him, his wife and several top military officials crashed in the hills of south India, killing 13 people on board, including the top official, the country's air force said. EPA

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  Military police personnel stand outside Gen Rawat's residence. AP Photo

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  An Indian army soldier stands outside the residence. Gen Rawat had been heading to the Defence Services Staff College (DSSC) to address students and staff from the nearby Sulur air force base in Coimbatore. AP Photo

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  The Mi-17V5 helicopter was making its descent at the time of the crash. AFP

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  Indian Army chief Gen Manoj Mukund Naravane arrives at Gen Rawat's residence. AP Photo

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  Firemen and rescue workers view the debris of the IAF Mi-17V5 helicopter crash site near Coonoor, in Tamil Nadu. AFP

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  This image from video shows Indian army soldiers arriving at the site. AP

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  Firemen and rescue workers try to control the fire in the burning debris of the helicopter crash site. AFP

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  The sole survivor of the crash, a captain working at the DSSC, was being treated for his injuries at a nearby military hospital, the air force said. AFP

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  Fire trucks are parked near the crash site. AFP

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  Firemen mount a rescue operation. AFP

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  This image taken on February 21, 2019 shows Gen Rawat waving as he gets into the co-pilot seat of a Light Combat Aircraft during the Aero India air show in Bangalore. AFP

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  Gen Rawat, centre, and his wife Madhulika Rawat, left, seen paying their respects at the Golden Temple in Amritsar, in 2018. AFP

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  Gen Rawat arriving for the Beating the Retreat ceremony in New Delhi in January 2019. Reuters

He also commanded India's first “surgical strike” in 2015, raiding training camps of anti-Indian insurgent groups inside Myanmar.

A year later, he survived a helicopter crash, after it nose-dived moments after take-off.

Gen Rawat was also part of the UN Peacekeeping Force and had commanded a multinational brigade in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

In 2016, he was involved in planning operations in which the Indian troops crossed into Pakistan-controlled Kashmir to “avenge” the killing of 19 soldiers in an extremist attack on an army base camp in Uri.

Why was General Rawat considered controversial?

India's stand-off with China at Doklam, on the Line of Actual Control along their disputed border, also took place under his watch.

He was known to be close to Mr Modi, a Hindu nationalist politician, and his tenure as army chief coincided with a more muscular policy against Pakistan.

But Gen Rawat often ruffled the feathers with his statements on issues considered outside the domain of the traditionally apolitical Indian armed forces.

He courted controversy with criticism of the protests over the Citizenship Amendment Bill, which offered Indian citizenship to persecuted religious minorities except for Muslims from neighbouring Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan.

He once he remarked that Indians should be as afraid of their armed forces as India’s adversaries and lamented that protesters in Kashmir were only throwing stones on his soldiers rather than using weapons that could have allowed his troops to retaliate in an appropriate manner.

Gen Rawat also described migration from Bangladesh into India's Assam state as Dhaka seeking settler colonialism and recently voiced approval of “lynching as a positive way of dealing with terrorists” in Jammu and Kashmir.

He had termed China's growing ties with the Islamic world as the “clash of civilisations” against the West and only last month attracted criticism from the Chinese government for saying that Beijing was the biggest threat to India.

Who was General Rawat's wife?

Gen Rawat’s wife Dr Madhulika Rawat was president of the Army Wives Welfare Association, one of the largest non-government organisations working for the welfare of wives, children and dependents of army personnel.

The daughter of a politician from a royal background, Dr Gupta organised many welfare programmes and campaigns for army widows, children with disabilities and cancer patients.

The couple married in 1986 and are survived by two daughters. One lives in Mumbai and the other was living with her parents.