Istanbul // A major Kurdish alliance has joined the opposition Syrian National Coalition after more than a year of fraught negotiations, in what may prove a significant breakthrough for the rebels.
The agreement between the Kurdish National Council (KNC) and SNC, Syria’s main political opposition group, comes at a time of increasing violence between Kurdish militia and armed Islamist factions in north-eastern Syria, which has killed scores of people in recent weeks.
Kurds account for 10 per cent of Syria’s population – more than 2 million people - and both the opposition and President Bashar Al Assad have tried to win their support, each believing it could be crucial in tipping the balance of power on the ground in their favour.
Underscoring the complexity of the Syrian conflict, Kurdish factions have held back from wholeheartedly joining the revolt, despite being long-time foes of the Assad regime, and some Kurdish groups continue to cooperate with regime forces.
Sunday’s deal finally brings the Kurdish National Council (KNC), an alliance of influential Kurdish parties, into the SNC.
Under the terms of the agreement, the SNC recognised a change in the name of the country they are struggling to wrest from the control of President Bashar Al Assad’s regime, dropping “Arab” from the Syrian Arab Republic.
That had been a major sticking point during months of talks between the KNC and SNC, with Arab nationalists in the opposition reluctant to change Syria’s formal name, while Kurds insisted it was a holdover from the Baath party era that must be amended because not all Syrians are Arabs.
Another crucial element of the deal was similarly linguistic but also highly sensitive, to change references in official SNC documents regarding “Kurdish ethnicity” to “Kurdish people”.
Rather than being an issue of pedantic terminology, opponents to this change argued it would serve as a precursor to the Kurds pushing for independence, and ultimately, to the division of Syria. The KNC, made up 15 Kurdish political parties, insists the term “Kurd” does not merely refer to an ethnic grouping and has been pushing for Kurdish autonomy.
Kamal Labwani, a prominent Syrian dissident and SNC member, opposed the agreement, calling it “divisive”.
“We needed complete equality before the law for each and every Syrian, regardless of religion, sect or ethnicity, we do not need recognition that certain groups have special rights that others are not allowed,” he said.
“Rather than unifying the opposition, this deal has just made certain that in future there will be a war between the Kurds and the Arabs, and that Syria may get divided up,” he said.
In the end, enough SNC members were mollified by the agreement’s recognition of Kurdish rights “within a framework of a unified Syria, as a people and a land”, according to Anas Al Abdeh, a leading SNC member and architect of the deal.
Disagreements over these points led to a KNC walkout from key opposition talks in Cairo in 2012 and, until Sunday, had remained unresolved.
“It’s a huge step forward. Some people do think this might be used by the Kurds to get independence but all of the [KNC] parties have stated very clearly that they do not aspire for separation,” Mr Al Abdeh said.
Under the agreement, the SNC is also to be expanded to include a new intake of Kurds, in what is a further adjustment of a delicate, and hard fought over, quota system dividing up influence within the SNC’s various factions, including the Muslim Brotherhood, secular dissidents, Free Syrian Army members and grassroots activists.
The expansion may prove another major sticking point. All enlargements of the SNC require approval from two-thirds of all members – rather than 51 per cent of those present in the meeting, which suffices for other procedures..
These technicalities have plagued previous expansion efforts and brought the coalition to the brink of collapse in a series of farcical meetings in Istanbul in May.
Exact levels of support in the SNC for the KNC deal remain uncertain. In Sunday’s ballot approving the basic terms of the agreement, 57 SNC members voted in favour – just enough to pass the motion because not all of the 115 members were present.
But the clauses relating to expansion will have to be voted on again, at another meeting that has not yet been scheduled, and they must win a two-thirds majority – at least 77 votes – to pass.
An added difficulty is that there also seems to be confusion about the number of Kurdish members called for under the deal.
Mr Al Abdeh said the agreement was for 11 Kurdish seats in the SNC and, because three Kurds are already in place, he said that means the expansion will add eight new members, all Kurds.
But the KNC has indicated it does not believe the size of Kurdish representation has yet been set, and an SNC official familiar with discussions said the group was pushing for 11 seats in addition to the three currently held.
Mr Al Abdeh said the deal for eight additional seats was “done and dusted” and was confident it would get voted through with the required two-thirds majority when a vote is held.
Others were less sure.
“Not many people are happy with all of this, especially the removal of ‘Arab’ from the name of the country, that’s a really sensitive issue,” said an opposition political activist familiar with the negotiations.
Bahzad Ibrahim, a leading KNC member, told the AFP news agency that the agreement represented progress “towards guaranteeing that Syria will be more inclusive and that the opposition can better represent the Kurds”.
In Kurdish circles – where a struggle is under way between different parties and ideologies – the deal is also controversial, drawing criticism from People’s Protection Units (YPG), an armed group affiliated with the Democratic Union Party (PYD).
Both the YPG and PYD have wide popular support among Syrian Kurds and remain outside the KNC.
They have also been fighting against rebel factions, primarily militant Islamist groups such as Al Nusra, but also Free Syrian Army units ostensibly under the command of the SNC – of which the KNC is now a part.
That means Kurds are now backing opposition groups ranged against one another on the battlefield..
“We call on the Kurdish National Council (KNC), which joined the Syrian Coalition (SNC), which supports these attacks against Kurdish areas, to openly declare if it too supports the war against the Kurdish people or not,” the YPG said.
Political divisions among Syria’s Kurds remain acute, with KNC parties accusing YPG-affiliated police forces of arresting members and detaining pro-democracy activists.
The political agreement is unlikely to halt the violence in north-eastern Syria, where repeated efforts to broker a ceasefire have failed.
The PYD and YPG have come in for heavy criticism from the Syrian opposition and some Kurds for maintaining links with the Assad regime and allowing it to launch attacks on rebels from Kurdish territory. The YPG counters this by saying they are protecting Syria’s Kurds against radical Islamists, including Al Qaeda.
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Forced%20Deportations
%3Cp%3EWhile%20the%20Lebanese%20government%20has%20deported%20a%20number%20of%20refugees%20back%20to%20Syria%20since%202011%2C%20the%20latest%20round%20is%20the%20first%20en-mass%20campaign%20of%20its%20kind%2C%20say%20the%20Access%20Center%20for%20Human%20Rights%2C%20a%20non-governmental%20organization%20which%20monitors%20the%20conditions%20of%20Syrian%20refugees%20in%20Lebanon.%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%E2%80%9CIn%20the%20past%2C%20the%20Lebanese%20General%20Security%20was%20responsible%20for%20the%20forced%20deportation%20operations%20of%20refugees%2C%20after%20forcing%20them%20to%20sign%20papers%20stating%20that%20they%20wished%20to%20return%20to%20Syria%20of%20their%20own%20free%20will.%20Now%2C%20the%20Lebanese%20army%2C%20specifically%20military%20intelligence%2C%20is%20responsible%20for%20the%20security%20operation%2C%E2%80%9D%20said%20Mohammad%20Hasan%2C%20head%20of%20ACHR.%3Cbr%3EIn%20just%20the%20first%20four%20months%20of%202023%20the%20number%20of%20forced%20deportations%20is%20nearly%20double%20that%20of%20the%20entirety%20of%202022.%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3ESince%20the%20beginning%20of%202023%2C%20ACHR%20has%20reported%20407%20forced%20deportations%20%E2%80%93%20200%20of%20which%20occurred%20in%20April%20alone.%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EIn%20comparison%2C%20just%20154%20people%20were%20forcfully%20deported%20in%202022.%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Violence%20
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In numbers: PKK’s money network in Europe
Germany: PKK collectors typically bring in $18 million in cash a year – amount has trebled since 2010
Revolutionary tax: Investigators say about $2 million a year raised from ‘tax collection’ around Marseille
Extortion: Gunman convicted in 2023 of demanding $10,000 from Kurdish businessman in Stockholm
Drug trade: PKK income claimed by Turkish anti-drugs force in 2024 to be as high as $500 million a year
Denmark: PKK one of two terrorist groups along with Iranian separatists ASMLA to raise “two-digit million amounts”
Contributions: Hundreds of euros expected from typical Kurdish families and thousands from business owners
TV channel: Kurdish Roj TV accounts frozen and went bankrupt after Denmark fined it more than $1 million over PKK links in 2013
Company%C2%A0profile
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World%20Cup%202023%20ticket%20sales
%3Cp%3EAugust%2025%20%E2%80%93%20Non-India%20warm-up%20matches%20and%20all%20non-India%20event%20matches%0D%3Cbr%3EAugust%2030%20%E2%80%93%20India%20matches%20at%20Guwahati%20and%20Trivandrum%0D%3Cbr%3EAugust%2031%20%E2%80%93%20India%20matches%20at%20Chennai%2C%20Delhi%20and%20Pune%0D%3Cbr%3ESeptember%201%20%E2%80%93%20India%20matches%20at%20Dharamsala%2C%20Lucknow%20and%20Mumbai%0D%3Cbr%3ESeptember%202%20%E2%80%93%20India%20matches%20at%20Bengaluru%20and%20Kolkata%0D%3Cbr%3ESeptember%203%20%E2%80%93%20India%20matches%20at%20Ahmedabad%0D%3Cbr%3ESeptember%2015%20%E2%80%93%20Semi-finals%20and%20Final%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Sreesanth's India bowling career
Tests 27, Wickets 87, Average 37.59, Best 5-40
ODIs 53, Wickets 75, Average 33.44, Best 6-55
T20Is 10, Wickets 7, Average 41.14, Best 2-12
Our legal columnist
Name: Yousef Al Bahar
Advocate at Al Bahar & Associate Advocates and Legal Consultants, established in 1994
Education: Mr Al Bahar was born in 1979 and graduated in 2008 from the Judicial Institute. He took after his father, who was one of the first Emirati lawyers
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'Munich: The Edge of War'
Director: Christian Schwochow
Starring: George MacKay, Jannis Niewohner, Jeremy Irons
Rating: 3/5
SPEC%20SHEET%3A%20APPLE%20IPHONE%2014%20PRO%20MAX
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More on Coronavirus in France
Bareilly Ki Barfi
Directed by: Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari
Starring: Kriti Sanon, Ayushmann Khurrana, Rajkummar Rao
Three and a half stars
RACE SCHEDULE
All times UAE ( 4 GMT)
Friday, September 29
First practice: 7am - 8.30am
Second practice: 11am - 12.30pm
Saturday, September 30
Qualifying: 1pm - 2pm
Sunday, October 1
Race: 11am - 1pm
German intelligence warnings
- 2002: "Hezbollah supporters feared becoming a target of security services because of the effects of [9/11] ... discussions on Hezbollah policy moved from mosques into smaller circles in private homes." Supporters in Germany: 800
- 2013: "Financial and logistical support from Germany for Hezbollah in Lebanon supports the armed struggle against Israel ... Hezbollah supporters in Germany hold back from actions that would gain publicity." Supporters in Germany: 950
- 2023: "It must be reckoned with that Hezbollah will continue to plan terrorist actions outside the Middle East against Israel or Israeli interests." Supporters in Germany: 1,250
Source: Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution
Secret Pigeon Service: Operation Colomba, Resistance and the Struggle to Liberate Europe
Gordon Corera, Harper Collins
COMPANY%20PROFILE
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COMPANY%20PROFILE
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Who's who in Yemen conflict
Houthis: Iran-backed rebels who occupy Sanaa and run unrecognised government
Yemeni government: Exiled government in Aden led by eight-member Presidential Leadership Council
Southern Transitional Council: Faction in Yemeni government that seeks autonomy for the south
Habrish 'rebels': Tribal-backed forces feuding with STC over control of oil in government territory
Other ways to buy used products in the UAE
UAE insurance firm Al Wathba National Insurance Company (AWNIC) last year launched an e-commerce website with a facility enabling users to buy car wrecks.
Bidders and potential buyers register on the online salvage car auction portal to view vehicles, review condition reports, or arrange physical surveys, and then start bidding for motors they plan to restore or harvest for parts.
Physical salvage car auctions are a common method for insurers around the world to move on heavily damaged vehicles, but AWNIC is one of the few UAE insurers to offer such services online.
For cars and less sizeable items such as bicycles and furniture, Dubizzle is arguably the best-known marketplace for pre-loved.
Founded in 2005, in recent years it has been joined by a plethora of Facebook community pages for shifting used goods, including Abu Dhabi Marketplace, Flea Market UAE and Arabian Ranches Souq Market while sites such as The Luxury Closet and Riot deal largely in second-hand fashion.
At the high-end of the pre-used spectrum, resellers such as Timepiece360.ae, WatchBox Middle East and Watches Market Dubai deal in authenticated second-hand luxury timepieces from brands such as Rolex, Hublot and Tag Heuer, with a warranty.
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
The specs
Engine: 1.5-litre 4-cylinder petrol
Power: 154bhp
Torque: 250Nm
Transmission: 7-speed automatic with 8-speed sports option
Price: From Dh79,600
On sale: Now
Timeline
2012-2015
The company offers payments/bribes to win key contracts in the Middle East
May 2017
The UK SFO officially opens investigation into Petrofac’s use of agents, corruption, and potential bribery to secure contracts
September 2021
Petrofac pleads guilty to seven counts of failing to prevent bribery under the UK Bribery Act
October 2021
Court fines Petrofac £77 million for bribery. Former executive receives a two-year suspended sentence
December 2024
Petrofac enters into comprehensive restructuring to strengthen the financial position of the group
May 2025
The High Court of England and Wales approves the company’s restructuring plan
July 2025
The Court of Appeal issues a judgment challenging parts of the restructuring plan
August 2025
Petrofac issues a business update to execute the restructuring and confirms it will appeal the Court of Appeal decision
October 2025
Petrofac loses a major TenneT offshore wind contract worth €13 billion. Holding company files for administration in the UK. Petrofac delisted from the London Stock Exchange
November 2025
180 Petrofac employees laid off in the UAE
Company Profile
Company name: Fine Diner
Started: March, 2020
Co-founders: Sami Elayan, Saed Elayan and Zaid Azzouka
Based: Dubai
Industry: Technology and food delivery
Initial investment: Dh75,000
Investor: Dtec Startupbootcamp
Future plan: Looking to raise $400,000
Total sales: Over 1,000 deliveries in three months
Tamkeen's offering
- Option 1: 70% in year 1, 50% in year 2, 30% in year 3
- Option 2: 50% across three years
- Option 3: 30% across five years
The BIO:
He became the first Emirati to climb Mount Everest in 2011, from the south section in Nepal
He ascended Mount Everest the next year from the more treacherous north Tibetan side
By 2015, he had completed the Explorers Grand Slam
Last year, he conquered K2, the world’s second-highest mountain located on the Pakistan-Chinese border
He carries dried camel meat, dried dates and a wheat mixture for the final summit push
His new goal is to climb 14 peaks that are more than 8,000 metres above sea level
MATCH INFO
Everton 2 (Tosun 9', Doucoure 93')
Rotherham United 1 (Olosunde 56')
Man of the Match Olosunde (Rotherham)
ENGLAND SQUAD
For first two Test in India Joe Root (captain), Jofra Archer, Moeen Ali, James Anderson , Dom Bess, Stuart Broad , Rory Burns, Jos Buttler, Zak Crawley, Ben Foakes, Dan Lawrence, Jack Leach, Dom Sibley, Ben Stokes, Olly Stone, Chris Woakes. Reserves James Bracey, Mason Crane, Saqib Mahmood, Matthew Parkinson, Ollie Robinson, Amar Virdi.
WOMAN AND CHILD
Director: Saeed Roustaee
Starring: Parinaz Izadyar, Payman Maadi
Rating: 4/5
Dr Afridi's warning signs of digital addiction
Spending an excessive amount of time on the phone.
Neglecting personal, social, or academic responsibilities.
Losing interest in other activities or hobbies that were once enjoyed.
Having withdrawal symptoms like feeling anxious, restless, or upset when the technology is not available.
Experiencing sleep disturbances or changes in sleep patterns.
What are the guidelines?
Under 18 months: Avoid screen time altogether, except for video chatting with family.
Aged 18-24 months: If screens are introduced, it should be high-quality content watched with a caregiver to help the child understand what they are seeing.
Aged 2-5 years: Limit to one-hour per day of high-quality programming, with co-viewing whenever possible.
Aged 6-12 years: Set consistent limits on screen time to ensure it does not interfere with sleep, physical activity, or social interactions.
Teenagers: Encourage a balanced approach – screens should not replace sleep, exercise, or face-to-face socialisation.
Source: American Paediatric Association
More on animal trafficking
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Benefits of first-time home buyers' scheme
- Priority access to new homes from participating developers
- Discounts on sales price of off-plan units
- Flexible payment plans from developers
- Mortgages with better interest rates, faster approval times and reduced fees
- DLD registration fee can be paid through banks or credit cards at zero interest rates
THE BIO: Martin Van Almsick
Hometown: Cologne, Germany
Family: Wife Hanan Ahmed and their three children, Marrah (23), Tibijan (19), Amon (13)
Favourite dessert: Umm Ali with dark camel milk chocolate flakes
Favourite hobby: Football
Breakfast routine: a tall glass of camel milk
Ferrari
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